Evidence of asymmetric change in diurnal temperature range in recent decades over different agro‐climatic zones of India

Abstract

Diurnal temperature range (DTR) is an important indicator of climatic change and a critical thermal metric to assess the impact on agriculture and human health. This study investigates the seasonal, annual and decadal changes in the spatio‐temporal trend in DTR and air temperatures (maximum: Tmax and minimum: Tmin) during 1951–2016 and solar radiation (Srad) during 1984–2016 over 14 different agro‐climatic zones (ACZs) in India. The changes in the DTR trend between two time periods:1951–2016 and 1991–2016 (recent period) are also assessed. The results indicate an overall increasing trend in DTR (0.038°C/decade), Tmax (0.078°C/decade, significant), Tmin (0.049°C/decade) during 1951–2016 and Srad (0.10 MJ/m2/day/decade) during 1984–2016. However, a decreasing trend in DTR (−0.02°C/decade) and a significant increasing trend in Tmin (0.210°C/decade) was noted during 1991–2016. The decadal changes showed an evident decline in DTR during the recent period since 1991. The relative increase in Tmin (0.21°C/decade, significant) compared to Tmax (0.18°C/decade) resulted in a decreasing DTR trend. This was evident across the 5 out of the 14 agro‐climatic zones for the 1991–2016 period. The seasonal analysis showed a significant (95%) increasing trend in DTR during pre‐monsoon and monsoon (1951–2016), and a negative trend for the post‐monsoon and monsoon since 1991. There were also interesting spatial differences found with the ACZs in the north‐west, parts of Gangetic plain, north‐east, and central India exhibiting negative DTR trends. The effect of Srad is larger on Tmax than Tmin; therefore, the decrease in Srad in parts of Gangetic plain likely contributed to a smaller increase in Tmax relative to Tmin and led to a decreasing trend in DTR. At the same time, the west coast, east coast, and southern region show positive trends. The observational analysis finds a distinct increase in the Tmin and also highlights the need for future assessments to continue investigate the causes of these spatio‐temporal changes found in this study.

Urbanization Amplified Asymmetrical Changes of Rainfall and Exacerbated Drought: Analysis Over Five Urban Agglomerations in the Yangtze River Basin, China

“…Figure 6 shows the variations of regionally averaged extreme SPEI and drought severity in urban and rural regions. It is intuitive that from 1981 to 2020, the drought aggravated under climate change and global warming (Lu et al., 2016; Mall et al., 2021; Zhai et al., 2010). At local scales, anthropogenic activities, especially urban expansion, substantially affected the drought events.…”

Impacts of 2 and 4°C global warmings on extreme temperatures in Taiwan

“…The results indicated that global warming could lead to weaker diurnal temperature variation due to night‐time warming in most regions, particularly over southern Taiwan in summer and autumn. The trend was consistent with other studies of DTR changes due to global warming (Mall et al ., 2021; Sun et al ., 2021). In addition, a slight DTR increase occurred over northwestern Taiwan in spring and winter because warming in the daytime was severe over these regions.…”

Causes for Asymmetric Warming of Sub‐Diurnal Temperature Responding to Global Warming

“…This asymmetric temperature change reduces $$\mathrm{D}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{R}$$ (Dai et al., 1997; Easterling et al., 1997; Karl et al., 1993; Qu et al., 2014; Sun et al., 2019). Also, an increasing trend of $$\mathrm{D}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{R}$$ is confirmed for some regions (Peralta‐Hernandez et al., 2009; Shahid et al., 2012), implying geographical and temporal variabilities (Dimri & Niyogi, 2012; Mall et al., 2021). For example, while the Indian arid deserts and warm‐temperate grasslands exhibit negative $$\mathrm{D}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{R}$$ trends, its northeast coast and sub‐tropical forests show the opposite.…”

“…2 of 11 temporal variabilities (Dimri & Niyogi, 2012;Mall et al, 2021). For example, while the Indian arid deserts and warm-temperate grasslands exhibit negative 𝐴𝐴 DTR trends, its northeast coast and sub-tropical forests show the opposite.…”