Evidence of Bacterial Biofilms in Human Chronic Sinusitis

Cryer, Jonathan D.; Schipor, Ioana; Perloff, Joel R.; Palmer, James N.

doi:10.1159/000079994

Cited by 175 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The persistence of biofilms is largely due to their encasement method of growth, whereby P. aeruginosa grows in microcolonies surrounded by an extracellular matrix of the exopolysaccharide alginate. Recent studies in our lab, 11 and subsequent confirmation by others, 12 -14 have identified biofilms in the sinus mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The logical progression after identification of biofilms is the development of treatment options to prevent their formation and eradicate pre-formed biofilms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Evaluation of the in vivo efficacy of topical tobramycin against Pseudomonas sinonasal biofilms

Chiu

Antunes

Palmer

et al. 2007

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

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Background: There is increasing evidence that bacterial biofilms are present within the sinonasal mucosa of patients with medically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. The antibiotic concentrations needed to eradicate biofilms are much higher than those commonly used and pose an increased risk for systemic side effects. Topical medications are an alternative approach to deliver high concentrations to the mucosa while limiting systemic side effects. This is the first study to evaluate the effects of a topical antibiotic on Pseudomonas biofilms in an animal model of sinusitis.Methods: Pseudomonas sinusitis was established in nine rabbits. An irrigation catheter was placed within the lumen of the maxillary sinus, and the rabbits were irrigated with 7 days of normal saline or varying concentrations of tobramycin diluted in normal saline. Bacterial cfu were determined for nasal lavage fluid as well as physically disrupted mucosa, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the mucosal surface was performed at the end of the study.Results: Increasing concentrations of topical tobramycin resulted in the eradication of viable bacteria within the lumen of the sinus but did not eradicate Pseudomonas attached to the mucosa. SEM detected biofilms within the mucosa even in those rabbits treated with high concentrations of topical tobramycin.Conclusions: Bacterial biofilms attached to the sinonasal mucosa are resistant to topical saline and tobramycin irrigation. SEM was useful in the identification of biofilms, but did not provide a quantitative evaluation for efficacy of treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Evaluation of the in vivo efficacy of topical tobramycin against Pseudomonas sinonasal biofilms

Chiu

Antunes

Palmer

et al. 2007

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

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“…Cryer first detected biofilms in CRS patients by SEM [21]. They defined the tower-shaped formations comprised of aggregates of matrix-encased bacteria as the morphological hallmark of biofilms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics of Biofilms in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Prospective Case–Control Study

Jung

Eog

Kang

et al. 2014

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Recent studies have indicated that biofilms are involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent and recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The present study was performed to evaluate the presence of biofilms and to evaluate the relationships between the presence of biofilms and clinical features of CRS. A total of 33 patients were included in this study. Maxillary sinus mucosa from 26 CRS patients and the ethmoid mucosa from 7 patients undergoing septoplasty were collected. Biofilms were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Preoperative symptom scores, preoperative and intraoperative nasoendoscopic findings, and postoperative healing period were compared between the groups. Biofilms were detected in 14 (42.4 %) of the 33 patients. Biofilms were present in 13 (50 %) of the 26 patients in the CRS group, but in only one (14.3 %) of the seven patients in the control group. There were no significant differences in preoperative symptom scores or preoperative nasal Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores between the groups. However, the average LundMackay and intraoperative sinus Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores were significantly higher in biofilm-positive than biofilm-negative patients (P \ 0.05). In the follow-up period, the healing time was significantly longer in biofilmpositive than biofilm-negative patients (P \ 0.05). This study suggested that the presence of bacterial biofilms may contribute to the pathogenesis of CRS and the clinical characteristics of CRS patients after endoscopic sinus surgery.

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“…The approach proposed also can be extended to other membrane technologies such as membrane bioreactors and forward osmosis for contaminant degradation and biofouling prevention with proper controls on engineered biofilm proliferation. Beyond water treatment, biomedical applications that would rely on limiting biofilm formation could include biofilm prevention in medical catheters (54), biomedical implants (55), and perhaps even biofilmrelated human diseases (56) such as cystic fibrosis (57), endocarditis (58), dental plaque (59), and chronic rhinosinusitis (60). The use of beneficial biofilms to combat biofilm-related diseases could reduce the use of antibiotics and help combat the rise of antibiotic resistance.…”

Section: S W I T T I C H I I + E C O L I N O -S W I T T I C H Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Living biofouling-resistant membranes as a model for the beneficial use of engineered biofilms

Wood

Guha

Tang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Membrane systems are used increasingly for water treatment, recycling water from wastewater, during food processing, and energy production. They thus are a key technology to ensure water, energy, and food sustainability. However, biofouling, the build-up of microbes and their polymeric matrix, clogs these systems and reduces their efficiency. Realizing that a microbial film is inevitable, we engineered a beneficial biofilm that prevents membrane biofouling, limiting its own thickness by sensing the number of its cells that are present via a quorum-sensing circuit. The beneficial biofilm also prevents biofilm formation by deleterious bacteria by secreting nitric oxide, a general biofilm dispersal agent, as demonstrated by both short-term dead-end filtration and long-term cross-flow filtration tests. In addition, the beneficial biofilm was engineered to produce an epoxide hydrolase so that it efficiently removes the environmental pollutant epichlorohydrin. Thus, we have created a living biofouling-resistant membrane system that simultaneously reduces biofouling and provides a platform for biodegradation of persistent organic pollutants.

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Evidence of Bacterial Biofilms in Human Chronic Sinusitis

Cited by 175 publications

References 5 publications

Evaluation of the in vivo efficacy of topical tobramycin against Pseudomonas sinonasal biofilms

Evaluation of the in vivo efficacy of topical tobramycin against Pseudomonas sinonasal biofilms

Clinical Characteristics of Biofilms in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Prospective Case–Control Study

Living biofouling-resistant membranes as a model for the beneficial use of engineered biofilms

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