Evidence of circulation of a Chinese strain of infectious bronchitis virus (QXIBV) in Italy

Beato, Maria Serena; Battisti, Cristian De; Terregino, Calogero; Drago, Alessandra; Capua, Ilaria; Ortali, Giovanni

doi:10.1136/vr.156.22.720

Cited by 48 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In the present survey we first detected the QX-type virus in 2003 in Germany, and since then it has been detected in Holland, Belgium, France and Italy (Beato et al, 2005). There have been no reports of proventriculitis associated with this virus in Europe in this study, but it has caused nephritis and false layers in mature hens due to early infection of the oviduct causing nonpatency and cyst formation at maturity (S.J.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction survey of infectious bronchitis virus genotypes in Western Europe from 2002 to 2006

2008

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A survey of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) genotypes in poultry flocks in selected countries in Western Europe was carried out between March 2002 and December 2006. Identification of IBV was by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of RNA extracted from oropharyngeal swabs taken from poultry flocks exhibiting signs of clinical disease thought to be attributable to IBV. Part of the hypervariable S1 gene of IBV was sequenced to differentiate between the various genotypes. During the survey, 4103 samples were processed, of which 2419 (59%) were positive for IBV. The predominant IBV genotypes detected were 793B and Massachusetts. The third and fourth most common genotypes were two new economically important field types: Italy02, and a virus similar to genotypes originally detected in China called QX. Analysis of the partial S1 sequences of the genotypes detected suggested that approximately 50% of all 793B, Massachusetts types and D274 IBVs were identical to the homologous commercially available live vaccines. Since 2004 the prevalence of Italy02 (present in all countries from which samples were received) has been declining in all countries except Spain, where it appeared to be the predominant genotype. Since 2004 an IBV genotype has been detected in Holland, Germany, Belgium and France similar to QX and the incidence has increased. QX was not detected in the United Kingdom or Spain. When detections thought to be attributable to vaccines were removed, the dominant genotype in France and Europe overall was 793B; in Germany, Holland and Belgium, it was QX-like IBV; and in the United Kingdom and Spain the dominant genotype was Italy02. The present study is the first to identify the prevalence of both Italy02 and QX field-type variants in poultry flocks in Western Europe. Several novel genotypes have also been detected.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction survey of infectious bronchitis virus genotypes in Western Europe from 2002 to 2006

2008

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“…The presence of viable virus in the ovary/oviduct and the kidneys confirms the ability of IBV QX challenge virus to replicate in the female reproductive tract, as well as its nephropathogenic potential (Liu & Kong, 2004;Beato et al, 2005a). It is likely that this localisation gives rise to local damage that could cause impaired development of the ovary and the oviduct, and therefore impact negatively on future laying activity (Landman et al, 2005;Bano et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In this survey, no QX virus was detected in samples collected in Spain and the UK. In 2005 the presence of a QX strain was reported in Northern Italy from backyard chickens (Beato et al, 2005a) and commercial flocks (Beato et al, 2005b). The first isolation of a QX-related strain in the UK, from a Pekin bantam presenting with swollen kidneys at postmortem examination, has been reported recently (Gough et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of a QX strain of infectious bronchitis virus in specific pathogen free and commercial broiler chickens, and evaluation of protection induced by a vaccination programme based on the Ma5 and 4/91 serotypes

et al. 2008

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The aims of this study were firstly to evaluate the pathogenicity of an Italian isolate of the QX strain of infectious bronchitis (IB) virus using 1-day-old female specific pathogen free chicks (layer type) and 1-dayold female commercial broiler type chickens, and secondly to assess the level of protection induced in these birds by a vaccination programme including the IB Massachusetts and 4/91 serotype live attenuated vaccines. Unvaccinated birds showed clinical signs of varying severity, predominantly affecting the upper respiratory tract. Vaccinated birds appeared healthy, with the exception of a very mild conjunctivitis affecting a limited number of the broilers. Vaccination fully protected specific pathogen free birds, since no histopathological lesions were observed, nor was virus detected following challenge. In broilers, replication of the challenge virus was not prevented but was significantly reduced. This study confirms that vaccination at 1 day old and at 14 days of age using the Ma5 and 4/91 IB vaccines may be instrumental in reducing the economic impact of QX IB virus infections in layer and broiler farms.

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“…Subsequently, we found that this type of IBV was the predominant genotype circulating in chicken flocks in China from 1995 to 2007 (Liu et al, 2006(Liu et al, , 2008(Liu et al, , 2009). More recently, the prevalence of this type of IBV, designated QX-like IBV, has been reported in Poland (Domanska-Blicharz et al, 2006), the UK (Gough et al, 2008), Hungary (Benyeda et al, 2008(Benyeda et al, , 2009), Slovakia and Greece (Benyeda et al, 2009), Russia (Bochkov et al, 2006), The Netherlands (Landman et al, 2005), Italy (Beato et al, 2005;Zanella et al, 2006), France, Germany and Belgium , and South Korea (Lee et al, 2008). These findings suggest that this novel type of IBV attained a high prevalence within a few years after it reached European countries .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis of infectious bronchitis coronaviruses newly isolated in China, and pathogenicity and evaluation of protection induced by Massachusetts serotype H120 vaccine against QX-like strains

Sun

Han

et al. 2011

Avian Pathology

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Seventy-eight isolates of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were obtained from different field outbreaks in China in 2009 and genotyped with 34 reference strains. Four genotypes of IBV and three new isolates were identified by phylogenetic analysis and BLAST searches of the entire S1 gene. The results showed that most IBV strains that have circulated in China in recent years belong to the genotype of QX-like strains, and that they could be grouped further into two clusters, regardless of the level of genetic variation displayed. A study of pathogenicity that used three QX-like strains*ck/CH/LSD/091003, ck/CH/LDL/091022 and ck/CH/LJL/ 090330*showed that the isolates caused the most severe lesions in the kidneys and were therefore nephropathogenic strains with various levels of virulence in specific pathogen free chickens. A vaccinationÁ challenge test that was performed using the three QX-like strains showed that the commercially available H120 vaccine did not provide sufficient protection against challenge with the QX-like isolates, as demonstrated by comparison of the clinical signs, pathological lesions and virus recovery from the trachea and kidney of unvaccinatedÁchallenged and vaccinatedÁchallenged birds.

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Evidence of circulation of a Chinese strain of infectious bronchitis virus (QXIBV) in Italy

Cited by 48 publications

References 2 publications

A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction survey of infectious bronchitis virus genotypes in Western Europe from 2002 to 2006

A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction survey of infectious bronchitis virus genotypes in Western Europe from 2002 to 2006

Pathogenicity of a QX strain of infectious bronchitis virus in specific pathogen free and commercial broiler chickens, and evaluation of protection induced by a vaccination programme based on the Ma5 and 4/91 serotypes

Phylogenetic analysis of infectious bronchitis coronaviruses newly isolated in China, and pathogenicity and evaluation of protection induced by Massachusetts serotype H120 vaccine against QX-like strains

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