“…Sub-optimal management of URTIs in LMICs including the overuse of antibiotics is promoted by misconceptions, social-cultural issues, diagnostic uncertainty, and clinical competency as well as commercial, patient and time pressures 21,29,50,52,57,92,[96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109] . Inappropriate management is also a concern in countries with high rates of infectious diseases such as HIV, malaria and tuberculosis (TB), which is the case in sub-Saharan Africa, as this may complicate treatment [110][111][112] .…”