Evidence of higher intramyocellular fat among normal and overweight Indians with prediabetes

Abstract

Background The rise in prevalence rates of Type 2 Diabetes among Indians is well recognized. The research focus has been primarily to understand the changes in insulin sensitivity and beta cell dysfunction among Indians with Type 2 Diabetes. However, no data are available on the role of peripheral tissue, in particular intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content and its impact on glucose homeostasis among Indians with prediabetes. Methods 28 male subjects (20-40 year) were studied. 13 with prediabetes (BMI ranging from 25.4 ± 2.9 kg/m 2) and 15 controls (BMI ranging from 24.6 ± 2.8 kg/m 2) were recruited. Body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion rates were derived using the minimal model of C-peptide secretion and kinetics rates and skeletal muscle strength of the lower limb (quadriceps) was assessed using Isokinetic dynamometry. From muscle biopsy samples of the vastus lateralis, IMCL fat content (Oil red O staining) was determined. Results The prediabetes group were older compared to controls (P < 0.01), but had similar BMI. The muscle to fat ratio, plasma Insulin, C peptide, HOMA-IR and HOMA % B were also comparable between the groups. IMCL fat content (%) was significantly higher in the prediabetes group compared to controls (7.0 ± 0.7% vs. 2.0 ± 0.3%, P < 0.01). This difference persisted even after controlling for age. Overall the IMCL fat content (%) was positively and significantly associated with HbA1c (r = 0.76, P < 0.01). HOMA-IR was significantly correlated with central (android, trunk) adiposity (kg) (r = 0.71, P < 0.01) but not with IMCL (%). Conclusions This is the first direct evidence of existence of significantly higher lipid levels within skeletal muscle cells among normal and overweight young Indians with prediabetes. However, there was no association between IMCL and HOMA-IR among the prediabetes group.

Asian Indians With Prediabetes Have Similar Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function to Those With Type 2 Diabetes

“…The fact that muscle mass was related to insulin resistance positively in the current study even after adjusting for age needs further exploration, but maybe explained, in part, by inter- and intramyocellular lipid accumulation, contributing to the muscle bulk. A recently published analysis of muscle biopsy samples from our group showed evidence of excessive intramyocellular fat among Asian Indians with PD compared to healthy controls (6).…”

“…However, muscle mass is a static measure, depending on its composition of contractile and cytoskeletal proteins, as well as intra and intermyocellular fat (5). Recent evidence suggests that there is excessive intramyocellular fat in Indians with PD (6), and therefore it is likely that muscle mass may not be altered in such subjects. In such circumstances, it is likely that skeletal muscle contractile function may provide more sensitive diagnostic information, particularly in chronic disease.…”

Circulating C-Terminal Agrin Fragment

“…Although muscle atrophy might be existing among Indians, as shown by the reduced muscle strength, the accumulation of fat within muscle might be contributing to the maintenance of the muscle mass. [ 3 ] This presents a key question: are the present criteria able to unravel sarcopenia among Indians? And is there a need to look for an alternative method along with the present criteria?…”

“…We published the first direct evidence of the existence of significantly higher intramyocellular lipid levels within skeletal muscle cells among normal and overweight young Indians with PD. [ 3 ] The onset of changes in skeletal muscle at PD stage itself reflected the poor quality of skeletal muscle.…”

Επίδραση Των Προβιοτικών Στην Ανάλυση Της Σύστασης Του Σώματος Στους Μεταβολικούς Παράγοντες Και Στην Εντερική Χλωρίδα Εφήβων Με Προδιαβήτη

“…Έφηβοι με μειωμένη ανοχή στη γλυκόζη παρουσιάζονται με αυξημένη αντίσταση στην ινσουλίνη σε ιστούς της περιφέρειας και, επίσης, με μείωση πρώτης φάσης έκκρισης της ινσουλίνης[149,150]. πρόβλεψη της σαρκοπενίας[156], της μυοστεάτωσης[157] και της οστεοσαρκοπενικής παχυσαρκίας[91] στην ενήλικο ζωή[158][159][160].Συνοψίζοντας, αφού η σωματική άσκηση είναι θεραπευτικό μέτρο σε όλες τις /μικροβίωμα διατηρεί σε υγεία τον ανθρώπινο οργανισμό και δυσβίωση, όταν υπάρχει τεκμηριωμένη διαταραχή της σύνθεσης της μικροχλωρίδας/μικροβιώματος[175].Όμως, λόγω της διαδραστικής σχέσης μεταξύ συμβιωτικών παραγόντων και ξενιστή, και το μικροβίωμα μπορεί να επηρεάσει τους βιορυθμούς και τους κιρκάδιους ρυθμού του ξενιστή. Αυτό το επιτυγχάνει μέσω μεταφραστικής ρύθμισης γονιδίων CLOCK, όπως φαίνεται στην Eικόνα 14: Μερικά από τα πιο συχνά απαντώμενα είδη συμβιωτικών βακτηρίων, τα οποία αποικίζουν το γαστρεντερικό σωλήνα φαίνονται στην Εικόνα 16: Οι παραπάνω μεταβολές είναι απόρροια της χρήσης αντιβιοτικών, ύπαρξης παχυσαρκίας, ανάπτυξης των πεπτικού συστήματος και των διατροφικών συνηθειών (Εικόνα 17)[187].…”