Evidence of Impact of Interventions on Growth and Development during Early and Middle Childhood

Alderman, Harold; Behrman, Jere R.; Glewwe, Paul; Fernald, Lia C. H.; Walker, Susan

doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0423-6_ch7

Cited by 76 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…According to this finding, an increase in child age contributed to the increasing risk of stunting and severe stunting in under-five children. This result is in line with other studies [40][41][42] . It may be due to the fact that poor complementary feeding practices (or the complimentary foods use directly in the regular household-diet which is made of cereal or starchy root crops during this age period) among older children in the study area which may lead to growth retardation and both types of stunting.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Spatial heterogeneity and factors influencing stunting and severe stunting among under-5 children in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis

Hailu

Bogale

Beyene

2020

Sci Rep

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Stunting remains a major public health concern in Ethiopia. Government needs to reshape and redesign new interventions to reduce stunting among under-five children. Hence, this study identified the problem according to location and risk factor. This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 9588 children aged 0–59 months were included in the study. The spatial and multilevel logistic regression analyses were used to explore spatial heterogeneity and identify individual- and household-level factors associated with stunting and severe stunting. Spatial heterogeneity of stunting and severe stunting was seen across the study setting. Male children (AOR = 1.51, CI 1.16, 1.96); multiple births (AOR = 27.6, CI 10.73, 71.18); older children (AOR = 1.04, CI 1.01, 1.05) and anemic children (AOR = 3.21, CI 2.3, 4.49) were severely stunted at individual-level factors. Children from educated and malnourished mothers (respectively, AOR = 0.18, CI 0.05, 0.71; AOR = 5.35, CI 3.45, 8.32), and from less wealthier mothers (AOR = 5.95, CI 2.58, 13.69) were severely stunted at household-level factors. Giving priority to the hotspot areas of stunting and older and anemic children, multiple births, and maternal undernutrition is important to reduce stunting. Studies are recommended to fill the gaps of this study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Spatial heterogeneity and factors influencing stunting and severe stunting among under-5 children in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis

Hailu

Bogale

Beyene

2020

Sci Rep

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“…Their babies have lower ponderal index and smaller head circumference and are more exposed to pollutants in utero and will probably grow up in a less intellectually stimulating home environment. These are all factors known to negatively impact children’s cognitive development [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Concentrations of Selected Organochlorines in Pregnant Women and Associations with Pregnancy Outcomes. A Cross-Sectional Study from Two Rural Settings in Cambodia

Steinholt

Ha³

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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We conducted a cross-sectional study among 194 pregnant women from two low-income settings in Cambodia. The inclusion period lasted from October 2015 through December 2017. Maternal serum samples were analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The aim was to study potential effects on birth outcomes. We found low levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP), except for heptachlors, β-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlor epoxide, and p,p’-DDE. There were few differences between the two study locations. However, the women from the poorest areas had significantly higher concentrations of p,p’-DDE (p < 0.001) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (p = 0.002). The maternal factors associated with exposure were parity, age, residential area, and educational level. Despite low maternal levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, we found significant negative associations between the PCB congeners 99 (95% CI: −2.51 to −0.07), 138 (95% CI: −1.28 to −0.32), and 153 (95% CI: −1.06 to −0.05) and gestational age. Further, there were significant negative associations between gestational age, birth length, and maternal levels of o,p’-DDE. Moreover, o,p’-DDD had positive associations with birth weight, and both p,p’-DDD and o,p’-DDE were positively associated with the baby’s ponderal index. The poorest population had higher exposure and less favorable outcomes.

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“…Children are taught basic skills and knowledge through creative play and social interaction. Both home‐based and school‐based interventions could improve early childhood neurodevelopmental functioning by providing increased opportunities for developmental stimulation and learning . Even though growth parameters were significantly lower in PHIV children, they were not associated with developmental outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Low risk of neurodevelopmental impairment among perinatally acquired HIV‐infected preschool children who received early antiretroviral treatment in Thailand

et al. 2019

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Introduction Antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) is recommended in perinatally HIV‐infect ed ( PHIV ) infants immediately upon diagnosis. We aimed to compare neurodevelopmental outcomes between PHIV children who initiated ART within 12 months of life and perinatally HIV‐ exposed uninfected ( PHEU ) children and to assess neurodevelopmental outcomes by timing of ART . Methods This prospective cohort study included Thai children aged 12 to 56 months who were assessed with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning ( MSEL ) at enrolment and at 48 weeks. Global Developmental Impairment ( GDI ) was defined as Early Learning Composite ( ELC ) ≤ 70 on the MSEL ; typical developmental pattern was defined as ELC > 70 at both visits. Logistic regression was used to compare prevalence of any GDI . Predictors of changing ELC scores were analysed with generalized estimating equations linear regression model. Results From 2016 to 2017, 50 PHIV (twenty‐seven early ART within three months and twenty‐three standard ART within three to twelve months) and 100 PHEU children were enrolled. Median ( IQR ) age at first assessment was 28 (19 to 41) months. PHIV children had lower age‐relevant Z scores for weight, height and head circumference compared to the PHEU group ( p < 0.05). The prevalence of overall GDI was 18% (95% CI 11 to 27) and 32% (95% CI 20 to 47) in PHEU and PHIV children respectively ( p = 0.06). In subgroup analysis, 22% (95% CI 9 to 42) of early ART PHIV children and 44% (95% CI 23 to 66) of standard ART PHIV children had overall GDI . There was a higher rate of GDI in standard ART PHIV children ( p = 0.01), but not in the early ART group ( p = 0.62) when compared with PHEU children. The standard ART PHIV group demonstrated lower typical developmental pattern than both the early ART P...

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Evidence of Impact of Interventions on Growth and Development during Early and Middle Childhood

Cited by 76 publications

References 90 publications

Spatial heterogeneity and factors influencing stunting and severe stunting among under-5 children in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis

Spatial heterogeneity and factors influencing stunting and severe stunting among under-5 children in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis

Serum Concentrations of Selected Organochlorines in Pregnant Women and Associations with Pregnancy Outcomes. A Cross-Sectional Study from Two Rural Settings in Cambodia

Low risk of neurodevelopmental impairment among perinatally acquired HIV‐infected preschool children who received early antiretroviral treatment in Thailand

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