Evidence of inception horizons in karst conduit networks

Filipponi, Marco; Jeannin, Pierre‐Yves; Tacher, Laurent

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.09.010

Cited by 107 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The here-presented method was applied to hypogenic caves that show a typical maze pattern, and was not tested in other types of caves. In epigenic caves the speleogenesis is normally concentrated along preferential pathways, controlled by tectonic or stratigraphical factors together with the hydraulic gradient of the area (Filipponi et al, 2009). However, in the method we used for macroporosity computation, both the stratigraphic, and the tectonic control can be implemented mathematically (changing the shape parameters of the passage models).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Karst porosity estimations from archive cave surveys - Studies in the Buda Thermal Karst System (Hungary)

Albert¹,

Virág²,

Erőss³

2015

IJS

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Abstract:The Buda Thermal Karst System is located under the densely populated hills of Budapest. One of its caves (Pál-völgy Cave System) is the longest cave of Hungary with 30.1 km. The research was done in this area as a methodological study to estimate karst porosity parameters of aquifers or hydrocarbon reservoirs. In this study two modeling methods are demonstrated. The volumetric modeling method was primarily aimed to determine the macro-scale (>0.5 m) conduit porosity (referred as macroporosity) of the study area as percentage of the incorporating limestone and marl. This method is based on archive survey data (maps and records). Through this method, morphometric parameters and the approximate sizes of the unexplored cave parts were also calculated. The porosity modeling was aimed at the estimation of the meso-scale (0.02-0.5 m) and macro-scale conduit porosity. It is based on rock face measurements near the Pál-völgy Cave System and image analysis. The matching macroporosity estimations of the two methods suggest that the map-based volumetric modeling method can be a useful tool for karstologists and modeling experts to extract as much information as possible from existing cave maps, even if the records of the original survey were lost or scanty. With the matrix porosity data published earlier from this area, and the conduit porosity calculated from the models, hydrological models of the area can be completed.cave surveys; karst porosity; 3D models; Buda Thermal Karst System; porosity model

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fracture (fissure) porosity is the result of late diagenesis, tectonism and weathering. The cave porosity is a result of speleogenesis and can contain conduits (elongated planar or tubular openings) and caverns (Klimchouk & Ford, 2000;Worthington et al, 2000;Klimchouk, 2006;Filipponi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karst porosity estimations from archive cave surveys - Studies in the Buda Thermal Karst System (Hungary)

Albert¹,

Virág²,

Erőss³

2015

IJS

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“…Beek & Muttzall 1975): Recently, the hypothesis of inception horizons (e.g. Lowe 1992Lowe , 2000Filipponi & Jeannin 2006;Filipponi et al 2009) extended the idea of preferential enlargement of fractures and bedding planes. In this hypothesis, an inception horizon is identified as part of the soluble rock, which has different physical, lithological or chemical properties than the surrounding rock.…”

Section: Hydraulic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are numerous observations of faults and bedding planes in limestone more favorable to karstification than others (e.g. Filipponi et al 2009;Plan et al 2009, and references therein). Often, these inception horizons have been covered with pyrite (FeS 2 ), which then oxidized according to (Ritsema & Groenenberg 1993):…”

Section: Multi-materials Conduitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture evolution in soluble rocks: From single-material fractures towards multi-material fractures

Kaufmann

Romanov

Gabrovšek

2017

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IzvlečekUDK 551.435.8 Georg Kaufmann, Franci Gabrovšek & Douchko Romanov: Odvisnost kraškega razvoja razpoke od vrste in zaporedja vodotopnih kamnin, skozi katere poteka Z numeričnim modelom smo raziskovali razvoj sekundarne poroznosti v enodimenzionalni razpoki v apnencu, sadri in anhidridu. Cilji raziskav so bili: 1) ugotoviti razlike med razvojem plitvih in globokih razpok v različnih kamninah; 2) oceniti učinek morebitnega izločanja enega od mineralov v razpoki in 3) dinamika rasti razpoke, ki gre skozi plasti različnih kamnin. Rezultati kažejo na primerljiv razvoj razpok v apnencu in sadri, pri čemer je čas razvoja v obeh kamninah precej različen. V anhidridu je zaradi drugačne kinetike raztapljanja razvoj še hitrejši. Izločanje ob spreminjajočih se geokemičnih pogojih lahko hitro zamaši razpoke in posebej v večjih globinah spremeni poti razvoja mreže kraških prevodnikov. V primeru, ko so razpoke v apnencu prekrite s plastjo sadre, kar v naravi pogosto opažamo, je hitrost širjenja najhitrejša, kar daje vodnim potem vzdolž takih razpok izrazito primerjalno prednost pri zajemanju razpoložljivega toka. Ključne besede: vodotopne kamnine, enostavna razpoka, raztapljanje in izločanje, incepcijski horizont. We employ a numerical model describing the evolution of secondary porosity in a single fracture embedded in soluble rock (limestone, gypsum, and anhydrite) to study the evolution of isolated fractures in different rock types. Our main focus is three-fold: The identification of shallow versus deep flow paths and their evolution for different rock types; the effect of precipitation of the dissolved material in the fracture; and finally the complication of fracture enlargement in fractures composed of several different soluble materials. Our results show that the evolution of fractures composed of limestone and gypsum is comparable, but the evolution time scale is drastically different. For anhydrite, owing to its difference from calcite in the kinetical rate law describing the removal of soluble rock, the evolution is even faster. Precipitation of the dissolved rock due to changes in the hydrochemical conditions can clog fractures fairly fast, thus changing the pattern of preferential pathways in the soluble aquifer, especially with depth. Finally, limestone fractures coated with gypsum, as occasionally observed in caves, will result in a substantial increase in fracture enlargement with time, thus giving these fractures a hydraulic advantage over pure limestone fractures in their competition for capturing flow.

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“…A promising approac� is t�at of Filipponi et al (2009) t�at analyze t�e 3D geometry of complex cave systems in respect to t�e geological setting as well as to t�e �ydrogeologi-cal boundary conditions. The proposed met�od allows to get a statistical evidence of t�e "inception �orizon" concept (Lowe 2000;Plan et al 2009).…”

Section: Morphometry and Geological Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments on morphometric analysis of karst caves

Piccini¹

2011

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IzvlečekUDK 551.442 Leonardo Piccini: Novi pristopi v morfometrični analizi kraških jam Računalniška obdelava jamski� meritev omogoča enostavno morfometrično analizo jam in kraški� sistemov. Obstaja vrsta morfometrični� kazalcev, ki opisujejo značilnosti jam razviti� v različni� okolji�, kot na primer obalne jame, labirinte in posamezne izolirane votline. Velike jamske sisteme la�ko analiziramo na osnovi nji�ovega 3D modela. Digitalni model omogoča enostavno določitev epifreatični� nivojev in ovrednotenje pomena strukturni� elementov v različni� faza� speleogeneze. Ti nivoji so še posebej pomembni, če la�ko izključimo pomen strukture ali litologije. Nekatere morfometrične kazalce, kot so razmerja med določenimi dimenzijami, la�ko uporabimo na celotni� katastrski� baza� in na ta način iščemo skupne karakteristike skupin znotraj populacije jam. Nadaljnje študije in analize bodo omogočile uporabo te� kazalcev pri interpretaciji razvoja določenega kraškega območja. Ključne besede: jama, jamski načrt, jamski nivo, morfometrija, speleogeneza. AbstractUDC 551.442 Leonardo Piccini: Recent developments on morphometric analysis of karst caves Nowadays, t�e use of computers and t�e digital tec�niques for survey processing easily allows to carry out morp�ometric analysis of caves and karst systems. Morp�ometric indices �ave been proposed by many aut�ors in order to describe t�e genetic features of some particular types of caves, suc� as coastal ones, maze caves or isolated voids. Large cave systems can be analyzed t�roug� t�e reconstruction of a 3D model. The digital model can be used to evaluate t�e role of t�e structural setting or t�e evolution stages t�roug� t�e recognizing of particular levels w�ere epi-p�reatic passages are more developed. These levels are particularly significant w�en a lit�ological or structural control can be excluded. Some morp�ometric indices, obtained by t�e ratios of simple dimension parameters of caves, allow t�e statistical analysis of large databases, collected in t�e regional speleological inventories, in t�e attempt to recognize different geomorp�ic populations of caves. Furt�er studies and a greater number of analysis could allow to use t�ese morp�o-metric indices to distinguis� genetic categories of caves and to get a useful instrument for t�e study of t�e evolution of karst areas.

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Evidence of inception horizons in karst conduit networks

Cited by 107 publications

References 20 publications

Karst porosity estimations from archive cave surveys - Studies in the Buda Thermal Karst System (Hungary)

Karst porosity estimations from archive cave surveys - Studies in the Buda Thermal Karst System (Hungary)

Fracture evolution in soluble rocks: From single-material fractures towards multi-material fractures

Recent developments on morphometric analysis of karst caves

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