Evidence of intercontinental transfer of North American lineage avian influenza virus into Korea

Lee, Dong Hun; Lee, Hyun-Jeong; Lee, Yuna; Park, Jaekeun; Lim, Tae-Hyun; Kim, Myeong-Seob; Youn, Ha-Na; Lee, Joong‐Bok; Park, Seung‐Yong; Choi, In‐Soo; Song, Chang‐Seon

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2010.09.012

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These data suggested that the viruses are widely circulating in poultry in China. Recent reports also indicated that the viruses were also widely circulating in many other countries or regions [2−5], [7−12], [15], [17], [20], . For example, in Jordan, a survey suggested that more than 50% of broiler or layer flocks were carrying H9 subtype AIVs [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese and Global Distribution of H9 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses

et al. 2012

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H9 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are of significance in poultry and public health, but epidemiological studies about the viruses are scarce. In this study, phylogenetic relationships of the viruses were analyzed based on 1233 previously reported sequences and 745 novel sequences of the viral hemagglutinin gene. The novel sequences were obtained through large-scale surveys conducted in 2008-2011 in China. The results revealed distinct distributions of H9 subtype AIVs in different hosts, sites and regions in China and in the world: (1) the dominant lineage of H9 subtype AIVs in China in recent years is lineage h9.4.2.5 represented by A/chicken/Guangxi/55/2005; (2) the newly emerging lineage h9.4.2.6, represented by A/chicken/Guangdong/FZH/2011, has also become prevalent in China; (3) lineages h9.3.3, h9.4.1 and h9.4.2, represented by A/duck/Hokkaido/26/99, A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 and A/chicken/Hong Kong/G9/97, respectively, have become globally dominant in recent years; (4) lineages h9.4.1 and h9.4.2 are likely of more risk to public health than others; (5) different lineages have different transmission features and host tropisms. This study also provided novel experimental data which indicated that the Leu-234 (H9 numbering) motif in the viral hemagglutinin gene is an important but not unique determinant in receptor-binding preference. This report provides a detailed and updated panoramic view of the epidemiological distributions of H9 subtype AIVs globally and in China, and sheds new insights for the prevention of infection in poultry and preparedness for a potential pandemic caused by the viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese and Global Distribution of H9 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses

et al. 2012

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“…Phylogenetic analysis of the surface genes of the H9N8 isolate showed that the HA gene was related to that of Korean H9N2 AIVs, but the NA gene was closely related to an unknown aquatic AIV isolate in Korea. Later, the NA gene of this H9N8 isolate was found to be from North American phylogenetic lineages [29]. …”

Section: Emergence and Evolution Of Lpai H9n2 In Koreamentioning

confidence: 99%

H9N2 avian influenza virus in Korea: evolution and vaccination

Lee

Song

2013

Clin Exp Vaccine Res

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Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 viruses have been circulating in the Eurasian poultry industry resulting in great economic losses due to declined egg production and moderate to high mortality. In Korea, H9N2 LPAI was first documented in 1996 and it caused serious economic loss in the Korean poultry industry, including layer and broiler breeder farms. Since then, the H9N2 viruses that belong to the Korea group have been prevalent in chickens and have continuously evolved through reassortment in live bird markets. To control LPAI outbreaks, since 2007, the Korean veterinary authority has permitted the use of the inactivated oil adjuvant H9N2 LPAI vaccine. Although only oil-based inactivated vaccine using the egg-passaged vaccine virus strain (A/chicken/Korea/01310/2001) is permitted and used, several new technology vaccines have been recently suggested for the development of cost-effective and highly immunogenic vaccines. In addition, several different differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategies have been suggested using appropriate vaccines and companion serologic tests for discriminating between naturally infected and vaccinated animals. Recent reports demonstrated that the Korean LPAI H9N2 virus underwent antigenic drift and evolved into distinct antigenic groups and thus could escape from vaccine protection. Therefore, improved vaccination strategies including periodic updates of vaccine seed strains are required to achieve efficient control and eradication of LPAI H9N2 in Korea. Further, vaccination should be part of an overall integrated strategy to control the disease, including continued nation-wide surveillance, farm biosecurity, and DIVA strategy.

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“…Particularly, the Northern Pintail is one of the most abundant duck species breeding in Holarctic region during summer and is sympatric with different kinds of waterfowl species on wintering areas in Asia and North America. This species has previously been identified as having a relatively high LPAI virus prevalence, and some individuals make intercontinental migratory movements (Gaidet et al., ; Hupp et al., ; Koehler et al., ; Lee et al., ; Miller et al., ; Pearce et al., ; Ramey et al., , ). During the early stage of 2014‐2015 clade 2.3.4.4A outbreak in North America, a total of 6 HPAI viruses were detected in Northern Pintail (four H5N2, one H5N8 and one H5 with unsubtyped neuraminidase) from the coastal Pacific Flyway states in December 2014 and January 2015, including the initial wild bird HPAI isolate, A/Northern_Pintail/WA/40964/2014(H5N2) virus (Ip et al., ; USDA‐APHIS, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of H5N1 and H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Northern Pintail (Anas acuta )

Kwon

Lee

Swayne

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The wide geographic spread of Eurasian Goose/Guangdong lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4 viruses by wild birds is of great concern. In December 2014, an H5N8 HPAI clade 2.3.4.4 Group A (2.3.4.4A) virus was introduced to North America. Long-distance migratory wild aquatic birds between East Asia and North America, such as Northern Pintail (Anas acuta), were strongly suspected of being a source of intercontinental transmission. In this study, we evaluated the pathogenicity, infectivity and transmissibility of an H5N8 HPAI clade 2.3.4.4A virus in Northern Pintails and compared the results to that of an H5N1 HPAI clade 2.3.2.1 virus. All of Northern Pintails infected with either H5N1 or H5N8 virus lacked clinical signs and mortality, but the H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 virus was more efficient at replicating within and transmitting between Northern Pintails than the H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1 virus. The H5N8-infected birds shed high titre of viruses from oropharynx and cloaca, which in the field supported virus transmission and spread. This study highlights the role of wild waterfowl in the intercontinental spread of some HPAI viruses. Migratory aquatic birds should be carefully monitored for the early detection of H5 clade 2.3.4.4 and other HPAI viruses.

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Evidence of intercontinental transfer of North American lineage avian influenza virus into Korea

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Chinese and Global Distribution of H9 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses

Chinese and Global Distribution of H9 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses

H9N2 avian influenza virus in Korea: evolution and vaccination

Experimental infection of H5N1 and H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Northern Pintail (Anas acuta )

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