Evidence of Intracrystalline Mesostructured Porosity in Zeolites by Advanced Gas Sorption, Electron Tomography and Rotation Electron Diffraction

García‐Martínez, Javier; Chen, Xiao; Cychosz, Katie A.; Li, Kunhao; Wan, Wei; Zou, Xiaodong; Thommes, Matthias

doi:10.1002/cctc.201402499

Cited by 100 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This would suggest that the MPy þ cation is less prone to form ordered micelles after cation exchange and thus leading to a less defined porosity after calcination. These results thus strongly suggest that the described surfactant templating approach relies more on a truly zeolite rearrangement process as stipulated by the group of GarciaMartinez [40,41], and less on a dissolution-recrystallization process. Notwithstanding, further insights are necessary to determine the exact nature for the different templating behavior of these structural directing agents when used in surfactant templating of zeolites.…”

Section: Mesoporous Y Zeolite By Ionic Liquid Based Surfactant Templamentioning

confidence: 74%

“…An alternative strategy is the surfactant templating approach, which allows to impart tailored mesoporosity within given zeolite structures. Different theories exist to explain the fundamental mechanism of the surfactant templating process, that are either based on zeolite recrystallization [36e39] or rearrangement [40,41]. The recrystallization mechanism is believed to rely on a preliminary partial destruction and dissolution of the zeolite framework under basic conditions followed by the re-assembly in the presence of surfactants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mesoporous Y zeolite through ionic liquid based surfactant templating

Sachse

Wuttke

Díaz

et al. 2015

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials

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a b s t r a c t New surfactant molecules based on ionic liquids, such as [C16MIm]Cl and [C16MPy]Cl were employed in the rearrangement of Y zeolite to introduce mesopores of different morphologies. We evidence that the templating efficiency of these ionic liquids is identical as for the classically used ammonium based surfactant (CTAC) in the synthesis of siliceous MCM-41. Yet, their templating behavior differs importantly when used in the surfactant templating approach to produce mesoporous Y zeolite. This finding indicates that the micellization ability of these surfactants within the zeolite confined spaces differs to the one in solution and hence has a major impact on the textural properties of the final zeolite phase. Hierarchical porous zeolite Y with novel textural properties could be disclosed.

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Section: Mesoporous Y Zeolite By Ionic Liquid Based Surfactant Templamentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoporous Y zeolite through ionic liquid based surfactant templating

Sachse

Wuttke

Díaz

et al. 2015

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When the diffusion length decreases or the diffusion efficiency increases, reactant and product could transform quickly to and away from the acid sites within the zeolite crystals and, thus, shift the selectivity to favor the production of more valuable products at reduced yields of coke [19].…”

Section: Zsm-5 Zeolite With Special Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Garcia-Martinez et al [19] revealed the nature of intracystalline mesopores and its connectivity by electron tomography, three-dimensional rotation electron diffraction, and high resolution gas adsorption coupled with hysteresis scanning and density functional theory. The intracystalline mesopores could act as fast channel to connect the micropores and promote the transformation of molecules, thus enhance the catalytic performance and restrain the generation of carbon deposition.…”

Section: Hierarchical Zsm-5 Zeolitementioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Enhance the Catalytic Performance of ZSM-5 Zeolite in Hydrocarbon Cracking: A Review

2017

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ZSM-5 zeolite is widely used in catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon, but the conventional ZSM-5 zeolite deactivates quickly due to its simple microporous and long diffusion pathway. Many studies have been done to overcome these disadvantages recently. In this review, four main approaches for enhancing the catalytic performance, namely synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite with special morphology, hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite, nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite and optimization of acid properties, are discussed. ZSM-5 with special morphology such as hollow, composite and nanosheet structure can effectively increase the diffusion efficiency and accessibility of acid sites, giving high catalytic activity. The accessibility of acid sites and diffusion efficiency can also be enhanced by introducing additional mesopores or macropores. By decreasing the crystal size to nanoscale, the diffusion length can be shortened. The catalytic activity increases and the amount of carbon deposition decreases with the decrease of crystal size. By regulating the acid properties of ZSM-5 with element or compound modification, the overreaction of reactants and formation of carbon deposition could be suppressed, thus enhancing the catalytic activity and light alkene selectivity. Besides, some future needs and perspectives of ZSM-5 with excellent cracking activity are addressed for researchers' consideration.

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“…In 2005, Garcia-Martinez et al [84][85][86][87][88] introduced a unique post-synthesis technique to make fully crystalline zeolites (i.e., Y, MOR, and ZSM-5) with well controlled mesoporosity using surfactants. The sizes of the introduced mesopores are directed by the sizes of the surfactants used, and have very narrow pore-size distributions compared to the ones obtained from a conventional desilication process.…”

Section: Surfactant-templated Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesostructured Zeolites: Bridging the Gap Between Zeolites and MCM-41

García-Martínez¹

2015

ChemViews

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Surfactant-templating is one of the most versatile and useful techniques to implement mesoporous systems into solid materials. Various strategies based on various interactions between surfactants and solid precursors have been explored to produce new structures. Zeolites are invaluable as size-and shapeselective solid acid catalysts. Nevertheless, their micropores impose limitations on the mass transport of bulky feed and/or product molecules. Many studies have attempted to address this by utilizing surfactantassisting technology to alleviate the diffusion constraints. However, most efforts have failed due to micro/ mesopore phase separation. Recently, a new technique combining the uses of cationic surfactants and mild basic solutions was introduced to synthesise mesostructured zeolites. These materials sustain the unique characteristics of zeolites (i.e., strong acidity, crystallinity, microporosity, and hydrothermal stability), including tunable mesopore sizes and degrees of mesoporosity. The mesostructured zeolites are now commercially available through Rive Technology, and show superior performance in VGO cracking. This feature article provides an overview of recent explorations in the introduction of mesoporosity into zeolites using surfactant-templating techniques. Various porous materials, preparation methods, physical and catalytic properties of mesostructured zeolites will be discussed.

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Evidence of Intracrystalline Mesostructured Porosity in Zeolites by Advanced Gas Sorption, Electron Tomography and Rotation Electron Diffraction

Cited by 100 publications

References 33 publications

Mesoporous Y zeolite through ionic liquid based surfactant templating

Mesoporous Y zeolite through ionic liquid based surfactant templating

Strategies to Enhance the Catalytic Performance of ZSM-5 Zeolite in Hydrocarbon Cracking: A Review

Mesostructured Zeolites: Bridging the Gap Between Zeolites and MCM-41

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