Evidence of limited capacity and noise reduction with single-element displays in the location-cuing paradigm.

Cheal, MaryLou; Gregory, Marcus

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.23.1.51

Cited by 50 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…When combined with previous studies (e.g., Cheal & Gregory, 1997;Henderson, 1996;Henderson & Macquistan, 1993;Luck & Thomas, 1999), the present findings indicate that both predictive and nonpredictive cues can influence both perceptual encoding and the transfer of perceptual representations into visual working memory. This may indicate that a single attention system operates in both the perceptual and the working memory systems.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Many previous studies have shown that stimuli presented within attended regions of space are processed more rapidly and more accurately than those presented in unattended regions (e.g., Cheal & Gregory, 1997;Henderson, 1996;Posner, 1980;Prinzmetal, Presti, & Posner, 1986), and the purpose of the present study is to explore the nature of attention-related increases in processing efficiency. Specifically, we examine the possibility that attended-locationobjects receive priority for entry into visual working memory.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Voluntary and automatic attentional control of visual working memory

Schmidt

Vogel

Woodman

et al. 2002

Perception & Psychophysics

272

287

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Previous studies of attention-directing cues have focused largely on the effects of cuing on perceptual processes, but cuing may also influence the transfer of perceptual representations into visual working memory. In the present study, we examined this potential role of cues, using both predictive and nonpredictive cues in the context of a visual working memory task. Each trial began with a cue, followed by an array of six colored squares, a delay interval, and then a probe square presented at the location of one of the squares in the previous array. The subjects were required to indicate whether the color of the probe square was the same as the color of the square that had previously been presented at the same location. Performance on this working memory task was more accurate when the cued location was probed than when an uncued location was probed, even when the cued location was no more likely to be probed than any of the uncued locations. An additional experiment using the abrupt-onset paradigm of Yantis and Jonides (1984) yielded similar results. Thus, visual transients may automatically influence the transfer of perceptual representations into visual working memory.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Voluntary and automatic attentional control of visual working memory

Schmidt

Vogel

Woodman

et al. 2002

Perception & Psychophysics

272

287

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to the current result, the first factor seems to suggest that both stimulus enhancement and external noise exclusion might be operative in Lu and Dosher (1998). However, we also know that external noise exclusion tends to manifest itself only when the number of possible target locations in the display is high (Cheal & Gregory, 1997;Dosher & Lu, 2000a;. When there are only two possible target locations, the external noise exclusion mechanism may not be effective at all under certain display conditions (Dosher & Lu, 2000a;.…”

Section: Identifying the Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…A highly related yet different manipulation involves cue validity: A precue is always presented at a given cue-target SOA while the validity of the precue is manipulated. In some cases, a simultaneous or delayed report cue 1 indicates to the observer the target location (Cheal & Gregory, 1997;Dosher & Lu, 2000a, 2000bDowning, 1988;Henderson, 1991Henderson, , 1996Posner, 1980;Shiu & Pashler, 1994). Intrinsically, these two types of experiments may reflect different attention mechanisms because cue validity experiments involve providing the participant with misleading information, whereas temporal precuing experiments do not.…”

Section: Temporal Precuing Versus Cue Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other proposed mechanisms for precuing advantages include elimination of interference from masks or stimulus information in other nontarget locations (Shiu & Pashler, 1994), suppression of masking at the cued location (Enns & Di Lollo, 1997), and both facilitation of responses to attended objects and inhibition of responses to other objects (Cheal & Gregory, 1997).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of the Precuing Advantagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial attention: Different mechanisms for central and peripheral temporal precues?

Lü¹,

Dosher²

2000

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

120

204

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The external noise paradigm (Z.-L. Lu & B. A. Dosher, 1998) was applied to investigate mechanisms of spatial attention in location precuing. Observers were precued or simultaneously cued to identify 1 of 4 pseudocharacters embedded in various amounts of external noise. The cues were either central or peripheral. Both central and peripheral precuing significantly reduced threshold in the presence of high external noise (16% and 17.5%). Only peripheral precuing significantly reduced threshold in the presence of low, or no, external noise (11%). A perceptual template model identified different mechanisms of attention for central and peripheral precuing, external noise exclusion for central precuing, and a combination of external noise exclusion and stimulus enhancement (or equivalently, internal additive noise reduction) for peripheral cuing.In a high workload environment, a human operator might need to monitor a large number of information sources simultaneously. Whereas this might be accomplished by saccades, the eye movement system is limited by the relatively long time (about 200 ms) each saccade takes (Hallett, 1986). On the other hand, the existence of a faster spatial attention system was proposed about a century ago (Helmholtz, 186671911;Wundt, 1902), selecting regions of the visual field for further processing without eye movements. This view has been established by the more recent literature

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Attention

Luck¹,

Vecera²

2002

Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology

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The term attention is used to describe the focusing of cognitive processes onto a subset of the information that is currently available. This focusing is useful whenever a given cognitive process is faced with multiple sources of input, and attention is therefore important across a wide variety of tasks. Attention plays several distinct computational roles, including binding together the features of an object, minimizing interference in working memory, and mitigating the deleterious effects of noise. Recent research also indicates that attention can operate on a variety of different representational formats, including spatial representations and abstract object‐based representations. Most theories of attention have assumed that attention is a unitary process that operates at a single stage of processing, but it is now clear that it operates within different cognitive systems under different conditions. Thus, attentional focusing does not appear to be achieved by a unitary attentional process; instead, focusing appears to be implemented by a collection of partially independent attentional processes that are embedded within other cognitive processes. However, these attentional processes must work together to produce unified behavioral output, and recent research has focused extensively on the control systems that coordinate the allocation of attention.

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Evidence of limited capacity and noise reduction with single-element displays in the location-cuing paradigm.

Cited by 50 publications

References 41 publications

Voluntary and automatic attentional control of visual working memory

Voluntary and automatic attentional control of visual working memory

Spatial attention: Different mechanisms for central and peripheral temporal precues?

Attention

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