Evidence of liquid dependent ice nucleation in high-latitude stratiform clouds from surface remote sensors

Boer, Gijs de; Morrison, Hugh; Shupe, Matthew D.; Hildner, R.

doi:10.1029/2010gl046016

Cited by 210 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, a number of field and modelling studies have indicated that in mixed-phase clouds water saturation is a prerequisite for the formation of ice, suggesting that deposition mode nucleation or condensation below water saturation may be of limited importance for such clouds (Field et al, 2012;Twohy et al, 2010;Ansmann et al, 2009;de Boer et al, 2011;Westbrook and Illingworth, 2011). Consequently both immersion and contact modes are expected to dominate ice formation in mixed-phase clouds (Hoose et al, 2010b).…”

Section: O'sullivan Et Al: Ice Nucleation By Fertile Soil Dustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice nucleation by fertile soil dusts: relative importance of mineral and biogenic components

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Agricultural dust emissions have been estimated to contribute around 20 % to the global dust burden. In contrast to dusts from arid source regions, the ice-nucleating abilities of which have been relatively well studied, soil dusts from fertile sources often contain a substantial fraction of organic matter. Using an experimental methodology which is sensitive to a wide range of ice nucleation efficiencies, we have characterised the immersion mode ice-nucleating activities of dusts (d < 11 µm) extracted from fertile soils collected at four locations around England. By controlling droplet sizes, which ranged in volume from 10 −12 to 10 −6 L (concentration = 0.02 to 0.1 wt % dust), we have been able to determine the ice nucleation behaviour of soil dust particles at temperatures ranging from 267 K (−6 • C) down to the homogeneous limit of freezing at about 237 K (−36 • C). At temperatures above 258 K (−15 • C) we find that the ice-nucleating activity of soil dusts is diminished by heat treatment or digestion with hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that a major fraction of the ice nuclei stems from biogenic components in the soil. However, below 258 K, we find that the ice active site densities tend towards those expected from the mineral components in the soils, suggesting that the inorganic fraction of soil dusts, in particular the K-feldspar fraction, becomes increasingly important in the initiation of the ice phase at lower temperatures. We conclude that dusts from agricultural activities could contribute significantly to atmospheric IN concentrations, if such dusts exhibit similar activities to those observed in the current laboratory study.

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Section: O'sullivan Et Al: Ice Nucleation By Fertile Soil Dustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice nucleation by fertile soil dusts: relative importance of mineral and biogenic components

et al. 2014

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“…At warmer temperatures, ice particles may coexist with supercooled droplets, due to heterogeneous nucleation facilitated by the presence of ice nucleating particles (INPs) (Cantrell and Heymsfield, 2005). In cases where INPs are immersed in the droplet before supercooling, referred to as immersion freezing mechanism, the droplets first grow to supercritical size before freezing occurs (de Boer et al, 2011). Observations and modeling studies suggest that immersion freezing is the prominent mechanism for heterogeneous ice formation in mixed phase clouds (Rosenfeld and Woodley, 2000;Ansmann et al, 2008;Field et al, 2012;Nagare et al, 2016;Possner et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The WeIzmann Supercooled Droplets Observation on a Microarray (WISDOM) and application for ambient dust

2018

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Abstract. The WeIzmann Supercooled Droplets Observation on Microarray (WISDOM) is a new setup for studying ice nucleation in an array of monodisperse droplets for atmospheric implications. WISDOM combines microfluidics techniques for droplets production and a cryo-optic stage for observation and characterization of freezing events of individual droplets. This setup is designed to explore heterogeneous ice nucleation in the immersion freezing mode, down to the homogeneous freezing of water (235 K) in various cooling rates (typically 0.1-10 K min −1 ). It can also be used for studying homogeneous freezing of aqueous solutions in colder temperatures. Frozen fraction, ice nucleation active surface site densities and freezing kinetics can be obtained from WISDOM measurements for hundreds of individual droplets in a single freezing experiment. Calibration experiments using eutectic solutions and previously studied materials are described. WISDOM also allows repeatable cycles of cooling and heating for the same array of droplets. This paper describes the WISDOM setup, its temperature calibration, validation experiments and measurement uncertainties. Finally, application of WISDOM to study the ice nucleating particle (INP) properties of size-selected ambient Saharan dust particles is presented.

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“…Contact freezing occurs when a solid particle collides with a supercooled liquid droplet, resulting in ice nucleation. Immersion mode and contact freezing are thought to be most important in many mixed phase clouds (Lohmann and Diehl, 2006;de Boer et al, 2010). Nucleation of ice or droplets directly from the vapour phase without the need for aerosol is not thought to be important in the troposphere, but may be important in the mesosphere (Murray and Jensen, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous freezing of water droplets containing kaolinite particles

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Clouds composed of both ice particles and supercooled liquid water droplets exist at temperatures above ∼236 K. These mixed phase clouds, which strongly impact climate, are very sensitive to the presence of solid particles that can catalyse freezing. In this paper we describe experiments to determine the conditions at which the clay mineral kaolinite nucleates ice when immersed within water droplets. These are the first immersion mode experiments in which the ice nucleating ability of kaolinite has been determined as a function of clay surface area, cooling rate and also at constant temperatures. Water droplets containing a known amount of clay mineral were supported on a hydrophobic surface and cooled at rates of between 0.8 and 10 K min −1 or held at constant sub-zero temperatures. The time and temperature at which individual 10-50 µm diameter droplets froze were determined by optical microscopy. For a cooling rate of 10 K min −1 , the median nucleation temperature of 10-40 µm diameter droplets increased from close to the homogeneous nucleation limit (236 K) to 240.8 ± 0.6 K as the concentration of kaolinite in the droplets was increased from 0.005 wt% to 1 wt%. This data shows that the probability of freezing scales with surface area of the kaolinite inclusions. We also show that at a constant temperature the number of liquid droplets decreases exponentially as they freeze over time. The constant cooling rate experiments are consistent with the stochastic, singular and modified singular descriptions of heterogeneous nucleation; however, freezing during cooling and at constant temperature can be reconciled best with the stochastic approach. We report temperature dependent nucleation rate coefficients (nucleation events per unit Correspondence to: B. J. Murray (b.j.murray@leeds.ac.uk) time per unit area) for kaolinite and present a general parameterisation for immersion nucleation which may be suitable for cloud modelling once nucleation by other important ice nucleating species is quantified in the future.

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Evidence of liquid dependent ice nucleation in high-latitude stratiform clouds from surface remote sensors

Cited by 210 publications

References 28 publications

Ice nucleation by fertile soil dusts: relative importance of mineral and biogenic components

Ice nucleation by fertile soil dusts: relative importance of mineral and biogenic components

The WeIzmann Supercooled Droplets Observation on a Microarray (WISDOM) and application for ambient dust

Heterogeneous freezing of water droplets containing kaolinite particles

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