“…Despite the increased DA levels, mice genetically modified to be hyperdopaminergic do not learn faster than normal mice. They do, however, demonstrate increased motivation for food (Cagniard et al, 2006a; Cagniard et al, 2006b), morphine (Spielewoy et al, 2000a), endocannabinoid (Tzavara et al, 2006), and cocaine (Morice et al, 2009). In addition, persistent hyperdopaminergia could also change many other functions, including various behavioral disturbances (Spielewoy et al, 2000b) such as disrupted responses in social interaction (Rodriguiz et al, 2004), enhanced resistance to extinction (Hironaka et al, 2004), reduced behavioral lateralization (Morice et al, 2005), and reduced cognitive flexibility (Morice et al, 2007); marked changes in functional interaction between DA and glutamate (Gainetdinov et al, 2001a); motor dysfunction and selective degeneration of striatal GABAergic neurons (Cyr et al, 2003); and decreased hippocampal theta oscillations (Dzirasa et al, 2009b) and disrupted neural phase signaling (Dzirasa et al, 2009a).…”