Evidence of Multiple Sources of Soil Gas in the Tangshan Fault Zone, North China

Zhi, Chen; Liu, Ying; Liu, Zhaofei; Lu, Chang; Zhao, Yuanxin; Wang, Jiang

doi:10.1155/2019/1945450

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In the petroliferous basins considered herein, the leakage of CH 4 and CO 2 will be larger when an earthquake occurs than during normal times (Cui Y et al, 2017). In the active fault of the basin's edge, the leakage of CH 4 and CO 2 is consistent with the intensity of regional tectonic activity (Chen Z et al, 2019a, b).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…They also suggested that the warming effect might be related to seismogenic mechanisms; however, this is relevant only if the geological conditions and basin topography allow the gases to gather, which results in the gases being released to form a CTIB anomaly. Besides, with the absence of greenhouse gases escaping in the Junggar basin's faults and the west Sichuan basin (Cui Y et al, 2017; Chen Z et al, 2019a, b), fewer gases are escaping before EQs in other basins if these basins are without gas reservoirs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling co-seismic thermal infrared brightness anomalies in petroliferous basins surrounding the North and East of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Zhang¹,

Zhang

2020

Earth and Planetary Physics

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Key Points:Co-seismic brightness anomalies surrounding the North and East of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau are reviewed q Co-seismic greenhouse gas leaking is suggested to cause brightness temperature anomalies q A new model of thermal emission based on six earthquakes occurred in four petroliferous basins is presented q Citation: Zhang, X., and Zhang, L. F. (2020). Modeling co-seismic thermal infrared brightness anomalies in petroliferous basins surrounding the North and East of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Earth Planet. Phys., 4(3), 296-307. http://doi. Abstract:Co-seismic gas leakage usually occurs on the edge of seismic faults in petroliferous basins, and it may have an impact on the local environment, such as the greenhouse effect, which can cause thermal infrared brightness anomalies. Using wavelet transform and power spectrum estimation methods, we processed brightness temperature data from the Chinese geostationary meteorological satellite FY-C/E. We report similarities between the co-seismic thermal infrared brightness (CTIB) anomalies before, during and after earthquakes that occurred at the edges of the Sichuan, Tarim, Qaidam, and Junggar basins surrounding the North and East of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in western China. Additionally, in each petroliferous basin, the area of a single CTIB anomaly accounted for 50% to 100% of the basin area, and the spatial distribution similarities in the CTIB anomalies existed before, during and after these earthquakes. To better interpret the similarities, we developed a basin warming effect model based on geological structures and topography. The model suggests that in a petroliferous basin with a subsurface gas reservoir, gas leakage could strengthen with the increasing stress before, during, and even after an earthquake. The accumulation of these gases, such as the greenhouse gases CH 4 and CO 2 , results in the CTIB anomalies. In addition, we conclude that the CTIB anomalies are strengthened by the high mountains (altitude ~5000 m) around the basins and the basins' independent climatic conditions. This work provides a new perspective from which to understand the CTIB anomalies in petroliferous basins surrounding the North and East of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling co-seismic thermal infrared brightness anomalies in petroliferous basins surrounding the North and East of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Zhang¹,

Zhang

2020

Earth and Planetary Physics

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“…活动断裂带气体地球化学特征常与区域内地震活动密切相关 [68][69][70][71] . 断裂带土壤气体(CO 2 、 CH 4 、Rn 和 Hg 等)在地震前后经常出现特殊的异常现象 [19,72] ，其异常幅度也常随着地震活动的变化而变化 [42,73,74] .意大利 L'Aquila 地区 6.…”

Section: 气体地球化学异常unclassified

Advances in seismic fluid geochemistry and its application in earthquake forecasing

Li¹,

Zhi²,

Hu³

et al. 2021

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Earthquakes are one of the most serious natural disasters of the world, with huge potential to cause serious injury and damage to humans and society. Earthquake forecasting, however, still remains a worldwide unsolved problem. The generation and occurrence of an earthquake-accompanied by material migration, energy transmission and abrupt changes of underground conditions-can result in the migration and evolution of geochemical elements and isotopes in natural fluids. Active fault zones are not only earthquake-prone areas but also deep fluid overflow channels. The geochemical characteristics of fluids in active faults act as good indicators for tectonic and seismic activities due to their high sensitivities to the changes of stress, temperature and permeability in the crust. The spatial and temporal variations of fluids in the active fault zones are closely related to the deep geological process and as well as the type, scale, and state of the active faults. On the contrary, the state change of an active fault can continue to affect the evolution and migration process of the deep fluids. The close relationship between fluid geochemistry and active faults makes fluid geochemistry not only an important role in earthquake forecasting but also an effective means to explain the changes of materials and conditions that take place during an earthquake. Before the occurrence of an earthquake, the stress and strain can lead to complex changes of chemical elements and isotopes in subsurface water, gas, soil and/or other media, that is, seismic fluid geochemistry anomalies. Therefore, in active fault zones or seismically active areas, monitoring the fluid geochemistry in these surface media and effectively identifying anomalies related to earthquakes have been identified as promising methods for earthquake forecasting. In recent years, seismic fluid geochemistry has been widely used to forecast earthquakes around the world due to its comparatively low costs and the advantages of its timeliness, simplicity, and convenience. Furthermore, with the accumulation of observation data, improved data processing methods and summaries of earthquake cases, more and more fluid geochemistry anomalies are being detected before the occurrence of earthquakes, particularly that of big earthquakes. As a result of the early detection of geochemistry anomalies, some earthquakes have even been successfully predicted. In addition, new analytical techniques play a more significant role in studies of the mechanism of earthquake precursors and seismic physical processes. However, most earthquake predictions are currently based on phenomenon correspondence and/or empirical statistics, and the lack of research on the genetic mechanism of seismic fluid geochemistry anomalies leads to difficulties in the further application of this method. As such, there remains significant room for improvement for the construction of a prediction model based on seismic fluid geochemistry. In this paper, the recent research progress of seismic fluid geochemistry in the f...

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“…It is closely related to the seismogenic process and the occurrence of earthquakes. Earthquakes are caused by a tectonic evolution accompanied by the exchange of matter and energy deep inside the Earth [1][2][3][4], which is mainly transmitted via the release of fluid through active faults and fractures at different depths [5] because faults and fractures are preferential migration pathways for gases (e.g., CO 2 and radon (Rn)) in the deep crust to migrate upward to the surface owing to their enhanced permeability and porosity relative to the surrounding rocks [6][7][8]. Active faults can provide pathways for gas leaks from the solid Earth because they usually increase the permeability of soils [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CO 2 is the second most abundant magmatic gas after H 2 O and is the main gas investigated during diffuse degassing studies as well as at many permanent stations using the accumulation chamber method (ACM) [34,35]. Soil gas anomalies are usually complex because they are subject to multiple influences (atmospheric, biogenic, organic, and from the deep crust and mantle [23,25,36,37]) and occasionally, their relationships with seismic events can be ambiguous [4,7,38,39]. Accordingly, if soil gas observations in fault zones become a useful method of fault activity assessment and seismic forecasting, further analysis of their relationships is required and the source identification of soil gas in the seismically active areas is a prerequisite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Characteristics of Soil Gas and Strong Seismic Hazard Potential in the Liupanshan Fault Zone (LPSFZ)

Zhou

Hui

et al. 2020

Geofluids

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Eight soil gas measurements were performed in the Liupanshan fault zone (LPSFZ) to observe the concentration and flux of soil gas radon (Rn) and CO2 in October 2017 and October 2018. By combining the historical strong earthquake background and modern seismic activity of the fault zone, the relation between the geochemical distribution characteristics of soil gas and the seismicity of the fault zone was studied herein. Furthermore, the strong seismic hazard potential of the fault zone was discussed. Results show that the concentration of soil gas Rn and CO2 considerably varies in the northern segment of the LPSFZ and is relatively stable in the southern segment. The spatial distribution of the concentration intensity and flux is strong in the north and weak in the south. However, the southern segment of the LPSFZ has a seismic gap that has not been ruptured by strong earthquakes with Ms ≥ 6.5 for the last 1400 years, whereas the seismic activity in the northern segment is relatively frequent, indicating that the fault zone locking degree of the southern segment is higher than that of the northern segment. This observation is completely consistent with the geochemical characteristic distribution of soil gas. Therefore, the southern segment of the LPSFZ should be considered a hazardous segment, where major or strong earthquakes can occur in the future.

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Evidence of Multiple Sources of Soil Gas in the Tangshan Fault Zone, North China

Cited by 6 publications

References 58 publications

Modeling co-seismic thermal infrared brightness anomalies in petroliferous basins surrounding the North and East of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Modeling co-seismic thermal infrared brightness anomalies in petroliferous basins surrounding the North and East of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Advances in seismic fluid geochemistry and its application in earthquake forecasing

Geochemical Characteristics of Soil Gas and Strong Seismic Hazard Potential in the Liupanshan Fault Zone (LPSFZ)

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