Evidence of Mumps Infection Among Children in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Doshi, Reena H.; Alfonso, Vivian H.; Hoff, Nicole A.; Mukadi, Patrick; Gerber, Sue; Bwaka, Ado; Higgins, Stephen G.; Mwamba, Guillaume Ngoie; Okitolonda, Emile; Muyembe, Jean-Jacques; Rimoin, Anne W.

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000001483

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A full immunization coverage as low as 45% suggests that children from the DRC are at high risk of avoidable death. A recent study by Doshi et al showed that Congolese children are already at high risk of measles [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual- and community-level determinants of child immunization in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A multilevel analysis

Acharya¹,

Kismul

Mapatano

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Understanding modifiable determinants of full immunization of children provide a valuable contribution to immunization programs and help reduce disease, disability, and death. This study is aimed to assess the individual and community-level determinants of full immunization coverage among children in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This study used data from the Demographic and Health Survey 2013–14 from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Data regarding total 3,366 children between 12 and 23 months of age were used in this study. Children who were immunized with one dose of BCG, three doses of polio, three doses of DPT, and a dose of measles vaccine was considered fully immunized. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the prevalence and distribution of full immunization coverage. Two-level multilevel logistic regression analysis, with individual-level (level 1) characteristics nested within community-level (level 2) characteristics, was used to assess the individual- and community-level determinants of full immunization coverage. This study found that about 45.3% [95%CI: 42.02, 48.52] of children aged 12–23 months were fully immunized in the DRC. The results confirmed immunization coverage varied and ranged between 5.8% in Mongala province to 70.6% in Nord-Kivu province. Results from multilevel analysis revealed that, four Antenatal Care (ANC) visits [AOR: 1.64; 95%CI: 1.23, 2.18], institutional delivery [AOR: 2.37; 95%CI: 1.52, 3.72], and Postnatal Care (PNC) service utilization [AOR: 1.43; 95%CI: 1.04, 1.95] were statistically significantly associated with the full immunization coverage. Similarly, children of mothers with secondary or higher education [AOR: 1.32; 95%CI: 1.00, 1.81] and from the richest wealth quintile [AOR: 1.96; 95%CI: 1.18, 3.27] had significantly higher odds of being fully immunized compared to their counterparts whose mothers were relatively poorer and less educated. Among the community-level characteristics, residents of the community with a higher rate of institutional delivery [AOR: 2.36; 95%CI: 1.59, 3.51] were found to be positively associated with the full immunization coverage. Also, the random effect result found about 35% of the variation in immunization coverage among the communities was attributed to community-level factors.The Democratic Republic of Congo has a noteworthy gap in full immunization coverage. Modifiable factors–particularly health service utilization including four ANC visits, institutional delivery, and postnatal visits–had a strong positive effect on full immunization coverage. The study underlines the importance of promoting immunization programs tailored to the poor and women with little education.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual- and community-level determinants of child immunization in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A multilevel analysis

Acharya¹,

Kismul

Mapatano

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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“…DBS samples were extracted using a modified extraction protocol [19] and processed at the UCLA-DRC laboratory at the National Laboratory for Biomedical Research in Kinshasa. The DBS extraction and assay protocol and multiplex technology have been described elsewhere [20]. The Dynex Multiplier chemiluminescent automated immunoassay platform with a research-use-only SmartPLEX assay for measles, mumps, rubella, varicella-zoster virus, and tetanus (Dynex Technologies, Chantilly, Virginia) was used to test samples for immunoglobulin G antibody response.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Previous Measles Infection With Markers of Acute Infectious Disease Among 9- to 59-Month-Old Children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Ashbaugh

Cherry

Hoff

et al. 2018

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

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BackgroundTransient immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to other infections after measles infection is well known, but recent studies have suggested the occurrence of an “immune amnesia” that could have long-term immunosuppressive effects.MethodsWe examined the association between past measles infection and acute episodes of fever, cough, and diarrhea among 2350 children aged 9 to 59 months whose mothers were selected for interview in the 2013–2014 Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Classification of children who had had measles was completed using maternal recall and measles immunoglobulin G serostatus obtained via dried-blood-spot analysis with a multiplex immunoassay. The association with time since measles infection and fever, cough, and diarrhea outcomes was also examined.ResultsThe odds of fever in the previous 2 weeks were 1.80 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25–2.60) among children for whom measles was reported compared to children with no history of measles. Measles vaccination demonstrated a protective association against selected clinical markers of acute infectious diseases.ConclusionOur results suggest that measles might have a long-term effect on selected clinical markers of acute infectious diseases among children aged 9 to 59 months in the DRC. These findings support the immune-amnesia hypothesis suggested by others and underscore the need for continued evaluation and improvement of the DRC’s measles vaccination program.

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“…Efforts to introduce vaccine programs must go along with understanding the epidemiology of the virus. In Africa, only few studies have documented the seropositivity of mumps virus whereby in children aged one month to six years was found to be 9% and 22% in South Africa and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), respectively [19,20]. Despite being common in many countries with reported associated complications, there is scarcity of data regarding its epidemiology in Tanzania.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Proportion of School Aged Children Susceptible to Mumps Virus Infections in the City of Mwanza, Tanzania: Should It be Included in the National Immunization Programme?

Rakiru

Msanga

Laisser

et al. 2020

IJTDH

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Aim: This study for the first time in Mwanza, Tanzania aimed at determining seropositivity of mumps virus in school aged children who are targeted for vaccination. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: This study was conducted in the city of Mwanza from July to September 2018. Despite being common with reported associated complications in many resource limited countries, there is scarcity of information on its epidemiology in Tanzania. Methodology: We enrolled 440 school children aged 6-12 years. Data was collected using a pre-tested structured data collection tool. Blood samples were collected, and sera were used for detection of mumps virus antibodies by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data was analyzed using STATA version 13, 2013. Results: The median age of enrolled children was 9(IQR: 8-11) years. The seropositivity of mumps IgG antibodies was found to be 94(21.4%, 95% CI: 17.5-25.1) while that of IgM was 1 (0.23%, 95% CI: 0.02-0.6). By multivariable logistic regression analysis, residing in rural areas (OR: 2.28, 95% 1.42-3.36, P=0.001) and age >10 years (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.03-2.7, P=0.036) independently predicted mumps IgG seropositivity. Conclusion: A significant proportion of young children in urban areas of the city of Mwanza are susceptible to mumps virus infection indicating the need to generate more data across the country so as to institute appropriate control measures including measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination programme.

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Evidence of Mumps Infection Among Children in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Individual- and community-level determinants of child immunization in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A multilevel analysis

Individual- and community-level determinants of child immunization in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A multilevel analysis

Association of Previous Measles Infection With Markers of Acute Infectious Disease Among 9- to 59-Month-Old Children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

High Proportion of School Aged Children Susceptible to Mumps Virus Infections in the City of Mwanza, Tanzania: Should It be Included in the National Immunization Programme?

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