Evidence of natural Zika virus infection in neotropical non-human primates in Brazil

Terzian, Ana Carolina Bernardes; Zini, Nathalia; Sacchetto, Lívia; Rocha, Rebeca Fróes; Parra, Maisa Carla Pereira; Sarto, Juliana L. Del; Dias, Ana Carolina Fialho; Coutinho, Felipe H.; Rayra, Jéssica; Silva, Rafael Alves da; Costa, Vivian Vasconcelos; Fernandes, Natália Coelho Couto de Azevedo; Réssio, Rodrigo Albergaria; Díaz‐Delgado, Josué; Guerra, Juliana Mariotti; Cunha, Mariana Sequetin; Catão‐Dias, José Luiz; Bittar, Cíntia; Reis, Andréia Francesli Negri; Santos, Izalco Nuremberg Penha dos; Ferreira, Andréia Cristina Marascalchi; Cruz, Lilian Elisa Arão Antônio; Rahal, Paula; Ullmann, Leila Sabrina; Malossi, Camila Dantas; Araújo, João Pessoa; Widen, Steven G.; Rezende, Izabela Maurício de; Mello, Érica Munhoz de; Pacca, Carolina Colombelli; Kroon, Erna Geessien; Trindade, Giliane S.; Drumond, Betânia Paiva; Neto, Francisco Chiaravalloti; Vasilakis, Nikos; Teixeira, Mauro Martins; Nogueira, Maurício Lacerda

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34423-6

Cited by 83 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…All PCR reactions were repeated without positive control, from RNA extraction to electrophoresis, in order to confirm positive results. The threat of a sylvatic cycle establishment of flaviviruses has been evidenced in many scientific studies 5,7,8 . ZIKV has been demonstrated in NHP in southeastern Brazil, however, the source of this cycle involving marmosets was the human ZIKV epidemic event that started around 2013, as demonstrated by the phylogenetic characterization of this strain 8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The threat of a sylvatic cycle establishment of flaviviruses has been evidenced in many scientific studies 5,7,8 . ZIKV has been demonstrated in NHP in southeastern Brazil, however, the source of this cycle involving marmosets was the human ZIKV epidemic event that started around 2013, as demonstrated by the phylogenetic characterization of this strain 8 . Conversely, the ZIKV strain detected here apparently is closer to African-lineage ZIKV than American lineage ZIKV, nonetheless, further sequencing is needed to fully understand the relation of this lineage with the currently known ZIKV lineages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…African lineages of ZIKV have never been detected in the Americas, these lineages of ZIKV were only isolated from mosquito pools and NHP samples, while naturally occurring ZIKV from Asian lineage was mostly isolated from human samples and mosquitoes 6 . However, the circulation of epidemic strain of ZIKV in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) and marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) was evidenced in Brazil 2,7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of a novel African-lineage-like Zika virus naturally infecting free-living neotropical primates in Southern Brazil

Almeida

Ehlers

Demoliner

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Mosquito borne flaviviruses cause a series of important diseases in humans and animals. These viruses are maintained in cycles involving replication in mosquito and in vertebrate hosts. Most natural hosts are vertebrate animals living in sylvatic or peridomestic environments. Human contact with these environments may result in host shifts that lead to the establishment of urban transmission cycles. Zika virus is a Flavivirus that persists in nature in a transmission cycle involving non-human primates (NHP). Its recent emergence in Brazil has shed light upon the importance of surveying this agent in Brazilian sylvatic environments. Here we present histopathological and molecular evidence that free ranging howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba) in Southern Brazil are infected by ZIKV closely related to African lineage MR766. Nine NHP were nested RT-PCR positive for ZIKV RNA. Sequence analysis revealed 96 to 98% identity to ZIKV MR766 and 85% identity to ZIKV P6-740, the current epidemic strain. The affected howler monkeys presented discrete inflammatory infiltrates in several tissues and immunohistochemichal (IHC) labeling of viral antigen was observed in placenta. These findings point to the circulation of African lineage Zika virus in the Americas in non-human primates. And raises the possibility that ZIKV was introduced into the Americas on more than one occasion. 1

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of a novel African-lineage-like Zika virus naturally infecting free-living neotropical primates in Southern Brazil

Almeida

Ehlers

Demoliner

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The spread of arboviruses is directly related to the geographic expansion of their vector mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts and is very dependent on the virus-vector-host relationships [6,32]. Terzian et al [33] detected ZIKV in non-human primates (NHPs) in urban and periurban areas in a city in the state of São Paulo and a few cities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, suggesting that NHPs may be the vertebrate hosts responsible for circulation of ZIKV in these two states. The greatest diversity of Culicidae in Brazil is probably found in the Atlantic Forest [18], and several remnants of the Atlantic Forest can be found in various areas of the city of São Paulo, ranging from urban parks to conservation units.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika and dengue viruses infecting wild-caught mosquitoes in an environmental protection area in Brazil

Ceretti-Júnior

et al. 2019

Preprint

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20Species of the genus Flavivirus are widespread in Brazil and are a major public health concern. 21 The city of São Paulo is in a highly urbanized area with some green spaces which are used for 22 recreation and where potential vertebrate hosts and mosquito vectors of these arboviruses can be 23 found, a scenario that can contribute to the transmission of flaviviruses to humans. This study 24 therefore sought to investigate natural flavivirus infection in mosquitoes collected in the Capivari- 25 Monos Environmental Protection Area (EPA) in the south of the city. Monthly mosquito collections 26 were carried out from March 2016 to April 2017 with CO 2 -baited CDC light traps. Specimens were 27 identified morphologically and grouped in pools. A total of 260 pools of non-engorged females were 28 inoculated into the C6/36 cell lineage after analysis by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). 29IFA-positive specimens were tested by qRT-PCR with genus-specific primers targeting a region of 30~260 nucleotides in the flavivirus NS5 gene, and the PCR products were sequenced to confirm and 31 identify the flavivirus species. Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii and Wyeomyia (Prosopolepis) confusa 32 were the most frequent species collected. Zika virus (ZIKV) nucleotide sequences were detected in 33 three mosquito species, An. cruzii, Limatus durhami and Wy. confusa, and dengue virus 2 (DENV-2) 34 sequences in Culex. spp. and Culex. (Mel.) vaxus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural 35 isolation of DENV-2 and ZIKV in sylvatic species of mosquitoes in the Capivari-Monos EPA. Our 36 findings suggest that DENV-2 is present in Culex mosquitoes, and ZIKV in Anopheles, Wyeomyia 37 and Limatus. The flavivirus species identified here are of medical importance; surveillance is 38 therefore recommended in this EPA, where vertebrates and mosquitoes can act as flavivirus hosts and 39 vectors. 40 41 43Over 700,000 deaths worldwide every year are caused by infections transmitted by blood-44 feeding arthropods, accounting for 17% of all infectious diseases [1,2]. Mosquitoes have vector 45 competence for viruses of great epidemiological importance, as seen in recent major outbreaks and 46 epidemics of Chikungunya-virus (CHIKV), Dengue-virus (DENV), Zika-virus (ZIKV) and Yellow 47 Fever-virus (YFV) infections in Brazil [3,4]. Arbovirus diseases occur worldwide, and their 48 emergence and reemergence usually manifest as infections with mild to severe clinical symptoms in 49 humans and domestic animals, occasionally progressing to death. These diseases therefore have a 50 considerable impact on public health and the economy of the region affected [5][6][7]. 51 Among the arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) circulating in Brazil, members of genus 52 Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae) are noteworthy as they are the most common cause of viral infections 53 and diseases in humans. In addition to DENV, ZIKV and YFV, several other flaviviruses of medical 54 importance have been isolated in Brazil, including Bussuquara virus ...

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“…In addition, NHPs like the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus are abundant in the area [12] and found near humans. Importantly, ZIKV RNA and antibodies against several arboviruses have been found in NHPs in different regions of Brazil, including marmosets [13][14][15][16]. The seriousness of an established sylvatic arbovirus transmission cycle in NHPs and sylvatic mosquitoes in Brazil is well represented by yellow fever virus (YFV), which causes sporadic spillover human outbreaks leading to hundreds of deaths.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Endless Challenges of Arboviral Diseases in Brazil

et al. 2020

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Evidence of natural Zika virus infection in neotropical non-human primates in Brazil

Cited by 83 publications

References 54 publications

Detection of a novel African-lineage-like Zika virus naturally infecting free-living neotropical primates in Southern Brazil

Detection of a novel African-lineage-like Zika virus naturally infecting free-living neotropical primates in Southern Brazil

Zika and dengue viruses infecting wild-caught mosquitoes in an environmental protection area in Brazil

The Endless Challenges of Arboviral Diseases in Brazil

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