Evidence of Outflow-induced Soft Lags of Galactic Black Holes

Patra, Dusmanta; Chatterjee, Arka; Dutta, Broja Gopal; Chakrabarti, Sandip K.; Nandi, Prantik

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab4c34

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…We argue that the origin of soft lag could be explained by the downscattering of the hard radiation in the ROF region. Similar correlations for other sources at high inclination angle were found and reported [36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Discovery of Jet-Induced Soft Lags of XTE J1550-564 during Its 1998 Outburst †

Chatterjee

Dutta²,

Patra

et al. 2019

Recent Progress in Relativistic Astrophysics

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X-ray time lags are complicated in nature. The exact reasons for complex lag spectra are yet to be known. However, the hard lags, in general are believed to be originated due to inverse Comptonization process. But, the origin of soft lags remained mischievous. Recent studies on "Disk-Jet Connections" revealed that the jets are also contributing in the X-ray spectral and timing properties in a magnitude which was more than what was predicted earlier. In this article, we first show an exact anti-correlation between X-ray time lag and radio flux for XTE J1550-546 during its 1998 outburst. We propose that the soft lags might be generated due to the change in the accretion disk structure along the line of sight during higher jet activity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Discovery of Jet-Induced Soft Lags of XTE J1550-564 during Its 1998 Outburst †

Chatterjee

Dutta²,

Patra

et al. 2019

Recent Progress in Relativistic Astrophysics

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“…Also, (Dutta & Chakrabarti 2016;Chatterjee et al 2017b) reported in a different context that the X-ray lag has a strong dependency on the geometric structure of the Comptonization region and orientation of the Keplerian disc. The net delay is a resultant effect of different physical mechanisms, e.g., Comptonization, reflection, focusing, and jet/outflow emission (Chatterjee et al 2019;Patra et al 2019). For the lower inclination and radio-quiet nature of Ark 120, the positive delay could be attributed to the Compton delay while reflection and light-crossing delay could contribute to the negative delay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term X-Ray Observations of Seyfert 1 Galaxy Ark 120: On the origin of soft-excess

Nandi,

Chatterjee,

Chakrabarti

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We present the long-term X-ray spectral and temporal analysis of a 'bare-type AGN' Ark 120. We consider the observations from XMM-Newton, Suzaku, Swift, and NuSTAR from 2003 to 2018. The spectral properties of this source are studied using various phenomenological and physical models present in the literature. We report (a) the variations of several physical parameters, such as the temperature and optical depth of the electron cloud, the size of the Compton cloud, and accretion rate for the last fifteen years. The spectral variations are explained from the change in the accretion dynamics; (b) the X-ray time delay between 0.2-2 keV and 3-10 keV light-curves exhibited zero-delay in 2003, positive delay of 4.71 ± 2.1 ks in 2013, and negative delay of 4.15 ± 1.5 ks in 2014. The delays are explained considering Comptonization, reflection, and light-crossing time; (c) the long term intrinsic luminosities, obtained using nthcomp, of the soft-excess and the primary continuum show a correlation with a Pearson Correlation Co-efficient of 0.922. This indicates that the soft-excess and the primary continuum are originated from the same physical process. From a physical model fitting, we infer that the soft excess for Ark 120 could be due to a small number of scatterings in the Compton cloud. Using Monte-Carlo simulations, we show that indeed the spectra corresponding to fewer scatterings could provide a steeper soft-excess power-law in the 0.2-3 keV range. Simulated luminosities are found to be in agreement with the observed values.

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“…The degeneracy in the inclination angle, originated mostly from spectral fitting, suggests an exploration of all possible origins of broad iron lines; (a) enhanced reflection caused by gravitational bending (Fabian & Vaughan 2003), (b) jet Comptonization mechanism (Laurent & Titarchuk 2007). It was also observed that the disk-jet coupling affects the timing properties (Gandhi et al 2008;Altamirano & Méndez 2015;Veledina et al 2017;Reig et al 2018;Patra et al 2019) as well as the spectral properties (Merloni et al 2003;Corbel et al 2003). In the case of XTE J1650-500, Curran et al (2012) reported that the jet reprocessed the X-rays emitted from the Compton cloud and the contribution of jet reprocessing can be seen in the optical-NIR flux during the rising phase.…”

Section: Xte J1650-500mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a suggestion was made that the soft lags (Chatterjee et al 2019) of XTE J1550-564 during its outburst in 1998 could be jet induced. Following that, Patra et al (2019) inspected four high inclination GBHs where the presence of soft lags are seen during higher activity in radio fluxes. During the rising phase of XTE J1650-500, Corbel et al (2004) reported radio activity and Curran et al (2012) analyzed optical-NIR wavelengths where pieces of evidence of X-ray photons reprocessed within the jet medium were observed.…”

Section: Disk-jet Connection In Xte J1650-500mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-domain variability properties of XTE J1650-500 during its 2001 outburst: Evidence of disc-jet connection

Chatterjee,

Dutta,

Nandi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Evolution of variability properties of Galactic transient sources is a diagnostic tool to understand various regimes of the accretion flow and its dynamics close to the central black hole. In this paper, we concentrate on the variability properties of the X-ray transient XTE J1650-500 and investigate the evolution of viscous delay, time lag, QPO frequency, and their energy dependence throughout the rising phase as observed by RXTE during its outburst in 2001. Our analysis reveals (1) a delay of 12 ± 1 days between one day averaged hard (5-12 keV) and soft (1.5-3 keV) photon light-curves as observed by RXTE/ASM; (2) QPOs with high rms values are observed in lower energy (4-8 keV) range; (3) the QPO frequencies and associated time lags were anti-correlated during the initial days of the rising phase, and later on, they were found to be correlated; (4) the time lags of iron line photons with respect to hard and soft photons remained almost constant during the initial days of hard state and the lag magnitude increased during the state transition. We perform comparative studies with outbursts of GX 339-4 and XTE J1550-564. We find the evolution of time lags associated with the QPO characteristics during the outburst -stronger QPOs at low energy, and constant lags of broad Fe-line photons present a unique nature of outburst profile in XTE J1650-500. The possible cause of such variabilities is explained by considering disk-jet geometry closer to the central black hole.

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Evidence of Outflow-induced Soft Lags of Galactic Black Holes

Cited by 10 publications

References 77 publications

Discovery of Jet-Induced Soft Lags of XTE J1550-564 during Its 1998 Outburst †

Discovery of Jet-Induced Soft Lags of XTE J1550-564 during Its 1998 Outburst †

Long term X-Ray Observations of Seyfert 1 Galaxy Ark 120: On the origin of soft-excess

Time-domain variability properties of XTE J1650-500 during its 2001 outburst: Evidence of disc-jet connection

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