Evidence of passive faecal shedding of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a Limousin cattle herd

Králík, Petr; Pribylova-Dziedzinska, Radka; Králová, Alena; Kovařčík, K.; Slaná, Iva

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.02.011

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although all CE and IN calves had positive fecal samples, it is possible that a proportion of these samples were not due to active shedding of MAP caused by an infection, but rather the result of passive shedding from exposure to the contaminated environment. It was reported that a higher prevalence of MAP caused more passive shedding events, due to increased environmental contamination [41]. Shedding ceased when CE calves were individually housed in a clean environment; and this may indicate that the shedding detected in group housing was due to passive shedding caused by ingestion of contaminated feces in the environment [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal shedding and tissue infections demonstrate transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in group-housed dairy calves

Corbett

Buck

Orsel

et al. 2017

Vet Res

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Current Johne’s disease control programs primarily focus on decreasing transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) from infectious adult cows to susceptible calves. However, potential transmission between calves is largely overlooked. The objective was to determine the extent of MAP infection in calves contact-exposed to infectious penmates. Thirty-two newborn Holstein–Friesian calves were grouped into 7 experimental groups of 4, consisting of 2 inoculated (IN) calves, and 2 contact-exposed (CE) calves, and 1 control pen with 4 non-exposed calves. Calves were group housed for 3 months, with fecal samples were collected 3 times per week, blood and environmental samples weekly, and tissue samples at the end of the trial. The IN calves exited the trial after 3 months of group housing, whereas CE calves were individually housed for an additional 3 months before euthanasia. Control calves were group-housed for the entire trial. All CE and IN calves had MAP-positive fecal samples during the period of group housing; however, fecal shedding had ceased at time of individual housing. All IN calves had MAP-positive tissue samples at necropsy, and 7 (50%) of the CE had positive tissue samples. None of the calves had a humoral immune response, whereas INF-γ responses were detected in all IN calves and 5 (36%) CE calves. In conclusion, new MAP infections occurred due to exposure of infectious penmates to contact calves. Therefore, calf-to-calf transmission is a potential route of uncontrolled transmission on cattle farms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal shedding and tissue infections demonstrate transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in group-housed dairy calves

Corbett

Buck

Orsel

et al. 2017

Vet Res

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“…The sensitivity of MAP cultivation from the feces of subclinically infected animals is considered to be 23%‐49%, whereas cultivation of MAP from animals with clinical signs of paratuberculosis is thought to reach a sensitivity of 98% . Also in other studies, a discrepancy between the results of PCR and cultivation was observed . In one of these previous studies, 875 of 1906 (45.91%) investigated fecal samples from dairy cattle were tested positively for the presences of MAP DNA by an IS900‐based real‐time PCR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ascertained MAP genome equivalent concentrations of black‐and‐white ruffed lemurs were highest in comparison to other examined animal species, such as goats, cavies, parrots, or antelopes. Nevertheless, the detection of MAP in feces does not allow an assertion about a true infection with active shedding of MAP in feces or a pass through with passive MAP shedding in feces only . An infection with MAP is given when the pathogen exceeds the intestinal mucosa barrier and is distributed within the local tissue or is transported via the blood and lymphatic system to other areas of the body .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the detection of MAP in feces does not allow an assertion about a true infection with active shedding of MAP in feces or a pass through with passive MAP shedding in feces only. 8,9 An infection with MAP is given when the pathogen exceeds the intestinal mucosa barrier and is distributed within the local tissue or is transported via the blood and lymphatic system to other areas of the body. 10 This study aims to demonstrate a possible MAP infection in different non-human primate species by comparable investigations of feces and tissue samples using two MAP-specific PCRs and culture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in non‐human primates

Fechner

Mätz‐Rensing

Lampe

et al. 2017

J of Medical Primatology

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“…In similar work conducted previously, adjustment was also made for variation in test Se, but by age (Sergeant et al, 2008) or parity (Norton et al, 2010) rather than stage of infection. No adjustment for test Se was made with stage of lactation (and perhaps constitution of milk), although we acknowledge that this may influence milk ELISA results (Nielsen and Toft, 2012 (and therefore a Sp estimate of less than 1.0) are likely due to passive fecal shedding of MAP in uninfected animals when using quantitative PCR in infected environments (Kralik et al, 2014). However, a similar reduction in test Sp has not been described with culture, most likely as a consequence of the significant effect of the necessary treatment of samples to reduce the level of other competing organisms in the test matrix for culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of testing strategies to identify infected animals at a single round of testing within dairy herds known to be infected with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis

Cameron

Strain

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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As part of a broader control strategy within herds known to be infected with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP), individual animal testing is generally conducted to identify infected animals for action, usually culling. Opportunities are now available to quantitatively compare different testing strategies (combinations of tests) in known infected herds. This study evaluates the effectiveness, cost, and cost-effectiveness of different testing strategies to identify infected animals at a single round of testing within dairy herds known to be MAP infected. A model was developed, taking account of both within-herd infection dynamics and test performance, to simulate the use of different tests at a single round of testing in a known infected herd. Model inputs included the number of animals at different stages of infection, the sensitivity and specificity of each test, and the costs of testing and culling. Testing strategies included either milk or serum ELISA alone or with fecal culture in series. Model outputs included effectiveness (detection fraction, the proportion of truly infected animals in the herd that are successfully detected by the testing strategy), cost, and cost-effectiveness (testing cost per true positive detected, total cost per true positive detected). Several assumptions were made: MAP was introduced with a single animal and no management interventions were implemented to limit within-herd transmission of MAP before this test. In medium herds, between 7 and 26% of infected animals are detected at a single round of testing, the former using the milk ELISA and fecal culture in series 5 yr after MAP introduction and the latter using fecal culture alone 15 yr after MAP introduction. The combined costs of testing and culling at a single round of testing increases with time since introduction of MAP infection, with culling costs being much greater than testing costs. The cost-effectiveness of testing varied by testing strategy. It was also greater at 5 yr, compared with 10 or 15 yr, since MAP introduction, highlighting the importance of early detection. Future work is needed to evaluate these testing strategies in subsequent rounds of testing as well as accounting for different herd dynamics and different levels of herd biocontainment.

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Evidence of passive faecal shedding of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a Limousin cattle herd

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Fecal shedding and tissue infections demonstrate transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in group-housed dairy calves

Fecal shedding and tissue infections demonstrate transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in group-housed dairy calves

Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in non‐human primates

Evaluation of testing strategies to identify infected animals at a single round of testing within dairy herds known to be infected with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis

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