Evidence of philopatry and natal dispersal in Humboldt Penguins

Simeone, Alejandro; Wallace, Roberta S.

doi:10.1071/mu13021

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Magellanic penguins' breeding range extends from 41°S on the eastern coast of South America, south around Cape Horn and north to 40°S on the Pacific coast, and includes the Malvinas–Falkland Islands (Boersma et al., ). Both species are colonial breeding seabirds, and adults show strong colony and nest philopatry (Araya et al., ; Simeone & Wallace, ; Teare et al., ). However, this behavior does not completely agree with population genetics results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting patterns of selection between MHC I and II across populations of Humboldt and Magellanic penguins

Sallaberry‐Pincheira

González‐Acuña

Padilla

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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The evolutionary and adaptive potential of populations or species facing an emerging infectious disease depends on their genetic diversity in genes, such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In birds, MHC class I deals predominantly with intracellular infections (e.g., viruses) and MHC class II with extracellular infections (e.g., bacteria). Therefore, patterns of MHC I and II diversity may differ between species and across populations of species depending on the relative effect of local and global environmental selective pressures, genetic drift, and gene flow. We hypothesize that high gene flow among populations of Humboldt and Magellanic penguins limits local adaptation in MHC I and MHC II, and signatures of selection differ between markers, locations, and species. We evaluated the MHC I and II diversity using 454 next‐generation sequencing of 100 Humboldt and 75 Magellanic penguins from seven different breeding colonies. Higher genetic diversity was observed in MHC I than MHC II for both species, explained by more than one MHC I loci identified. Large population sizes, high gene flow, and/or similar selection pressures maintain diversity but limit local adaptation in MHC I. A pattern of isolation by distance was observed for MHC II for Humboldt penguin suggesting local adaptation, mainly on the northernmost studied locality. Furthermore, trans‐species alleles were found due to a recent speciation for the genus or convergent evolution. High MHC I and MHC II gene diversity described is extremely advantageous for the long‐term survival of the species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting patterns of selection between MHC I and II across populations of Humboldt and Magellanic penguins

Sallaberry‐Pincheira

González‐Acuña

Padilla

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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“…]) (Table ). There is especially little knowledge of juvenile life stages because juvenile penguins often prospect at other colonies and remain unobservable at their natal colony for the first few years after fledging or, in some cases, emigrate permanently (e.g., Humboldt penguins [Simeone & Wallace ], Magellanic penguins [Stokes et al. ]).…”

Section: Leveraging Science For Penguin Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying science to pressing conservation needs for penguins

Boersma

Borboroglu

Gownaris

et al. 2019

Conservation Biology

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More than half of the world's 18 penguin species are declining. We, the Steering Committee of the International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission Penguin Specialist Group, determined that the penguin species in most critical need of conservation action are African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), Galápagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus), and Yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes). Due to small or rapidly declining populations, these species require immediate scientific collaboration and policy intervention. We also used a pairwise-ranking approach to prioritize research and conservation needs for all penguins. Among the 12 cross-taxa research areas we identified, we ranked quantifying population trends, estimating demographic rates, forecasting environmental patterns of change, and improving the knowledge of fisheries interactions as the highest priorities. The highest ranked conservation needs were to enhance marine spatial planning, improve stakeholder engagement, and develop disaster-management and species-specific action plans. We concurred that, to improve the translation of science into effective conservation for penguins, the scientific community and funding bodies must recognize the importance of and support long-term research; research on and conservation of penguins must expand its focus to include the nonbreeding season and juvenile stage; marine reserves must be designed at ecologically appropriate spatial and temporal scales; and communication between scientists and decision makers must be improved with the help of individual scientists and interdisciplinary working groups.

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“…The breeding range of Magellanic penguins extends from 41°S on the eastern coast of South America, down around Cape Horn and north to 40°S on the Pacific coast, and includes the Malvinas-Falkland Islands (Boersma et al 2013). Adults show strong colony fidelity and philopatry (Araya et al 2000, Simeone andWallace 2014) and extreme nest site fidelity (Teare et al 1998). However, this behavior does not completely agree with recent population genetic results, which showed little or no population structure (Schlosser et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Avian Malaria in Wild Breeding Colonies of Humboldt and Magellanic Penguins in South America

et al. 2014

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Avian malaria is a disease caused by species of the genera Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Plasmodium. It affects hundreds of bird species, causing varied clinical signs depending on the susceptibility of the host species. Although high mortality has been reported in captive penguins, limited epidemiological studies have been conducted in wild colonies, and isolated records of avian malaria have been reported mostly from individuals referred to rehabilitation centers. For this epidemiological study, we obtained blood samples from 501 adult Humboldt and 360 adult Magellanic penguins from 13 colonies throughout South America. To identify malaria parasitaemia, we amplified the mtDNA cytochrome b for all three parasite genera. Avian malaria was absent in most of the analyzed colonies, with exception of the Punta San Juan Humboldt penguin colony, in Peru, where we detected at least two new Haemoproteus lineages in three positive samples, resulting in a prevalence of 0.6% for the species. The low prevalence of avian malaria detected in wild penguins could be due to two possible causes: A low incidence, with high morbidity and mortality in wild penguins or alternatively, penguins sampled in the chronic stage of the disease (during which parasitaemia in peripheral blood samples is unlikely) would be detected as false negatives.

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Evidence of philopatry and natal dispersal in Humboldt Penguins

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Contrasting patterns of selection between MHC I and II across populations of Humboldt and Magellanic penguins

Contrasting patterns of selection between MHC I and II across populations of Humboldt and Magellanic penguins

Applying science to pressing conservation needs for penguins

Molecular Epidemiology of Avian Malaria in Wild Breeding Colonies of Humboldt and Magellanic Penguins in South America

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