Evidence of Serological Heterogeneity of T2 Bacteriophage

Tanami, Yoh; Miyajima, Yoshihiro

doi:10.1128/jb.72.5.721-723.1956

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…All of the mutants of S13 which have been tested (S13a, S13c, S13h) are inactivated at the same rate as wild-type phage. As in the case with other phages (Kalmanson and Bronfenbrenner, 1942;Tanami and Miyajima, 1956), serum inactivation rates vary according to the host upon which the assay is made. Inactivation velocity constants (k) for S13 are usually about twice as great when the phage is assayed on Y6R as when it is assayed on E. coli strain C. When the logarithm of the fraction of phage surviving is plotted against time for a given serum dilution, the curve is usually slightly concave upwards (figure 2).…”

Section: S13mentioning

confidence: 93%

Some Biological Properties of Bacteriophages S13 and Φx-174

Zahler

1958

J Bacteriol

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Since Burnet (1927) first isolated bacteriophage S13, this phage has been the subject of numerous investigations.2 These have dealt mainly with its physical properties; S13 is believed to be the smallest known phage, with a diameter estimated to be about 16 millimicrons. There have been few recent papers dealing with the biological properties of S13; of these, the one by Mills (1955) is the most comprehensive. The present paper is intended to fill in certain gaps in the information available on this phage. Bacteriophage 4X-174 was first isolated by Sertic and Boulgakov (1935). It has been studied less thoroughly than S13, but there is evidence that it is of a similar size (Bon6t-Maury and Bulgakov, 1944; Sinsheimer, 1957). It will be shown here that there is probably a relationship between 4X-174 and S13. MATERIALS AND METHODS Shigella paradysenteriae strain Y6R and phage S13 were obtained from Dr. Robert Wahl. Salmonella typhosa strain 373 and phage 4X-174 were obtained from Dr. N. Boulgakov. Escherichia coli strain C and a second sample of 4X-174 were obtained from Dr. E. S. Lennox. Except for overlay agar, all media contained 1 per cent tryptone (Difco), 0.5 per cent yeast extract and 0.1 per cent glucose. Indicator bacteria were grown in this basal broth overnight with shaking; Y6R and its mutants were incubated at 30 C, while all other strains were incubated at 37 C. One drop of overnight culture was added to 3 ml of overlay agar for plating. Logarithmic phase cultures were started by

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Section: S13mentioning

confidence: 93%

Some Biological Properties of Bacteriophages S13 and Φx-174

Zahler

1958

J Bacteriol

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“…Some variation in the proportion of killers in ghost preparations has been reported from other laboratories (8,7), but it is known tha~: the composition of the medium, particularly the divalent cations (22, i2), influences ghost action, and it is not clear whether this played any part in the variation. Considerable variation in neutralization of T2 by antiserum at judged by infectivity in different hosts has been observed by Tanami a~d Miyajima (54). These results were independent of the host in which the phag ~ was prepared which, as the authors point out, shows that the phage is hereditarily stable.…”

Section: Heterogeneity In the Gkosts Or Cell Receptor Sitesmentioning

confidence: 73%

The Protein Coats or "Ghosts" of Coli Phage T2

Herriott

Barlow

1957

The Journal of General Physiology

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Phage coats or ghosts, composed entirely of protein, appear to be responsible for protecting the phage nucleic acid from degradation by factors in the surrounding medium; attachment of the virus to its susceptible host; and delivering the nucleic acid to the interior of the cell. In addition, the ghosts have a number of biological actions which resemble similar actions of the patent phage. Thus, they both "kill" cells, inhibit pentosenucleic acid formation, interfere with subsequent infection by other virus particles, block adaptive enzyme formation, induce or trigger lysis of the host, and cause a leakage of phosphorus-containing fragments from the cell. Results to date fail to demonstrate a direct involvement of the ghosts in the passage of genetic information to the progeny. Several of the above changes induced in the host cell following attachment of ghosts could be derived from an alteration in but a single metabolic reaction. The stoichiometry of the ghost-bacterial cell interaction is different from that of the parent phage. Experiments to distinguish between a variable response of the host cell to reaction at different sites and a state of heterogeneity in the ghost preparations suggest the former but they ate not decisive.It was reported earlier (1) that certain biological properties of intact T2 phage were also found in its coat or ghost freed of the nucleic acid. The present article describes in some detail the experiments and results involved in an extension of that report.It will be shown that the phage properties of (a) host range specificity, (b) "killing" action, (c) inhibition of host PNA synthesis, (d) interference, (e) induction of lysis in the host cells, and (~) induced leakage of host phosphorus-containing fragments are also properties of the proteinous coat or "ghost."

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Some new host-range phenotypes of T4D bacteriophage and their genetic control

Tanami

1960

Virology

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Evidence of Serological Heterogeneity of T2 Bacteriophage

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Some Biological Properties of Bacteriophages S13 and Φx-174

Some Biological Properties of Bacteriophages S13 and Φx-174

The Protein Coats or "Ghosts" of Coli Phage T2

Some new host-range phenotypes of T4D bacteriophage and their genetic control

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