Evidence of sewage-driven eutrophication and harmful algal blooms in Florida's Indian River Lagoon

Lapointe, Brian E.; Herren, Laura W.; Debortoli, David D.; Vogel, Margaret A.

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2015.01.004

Cited by 221 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(146 reference statements)

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“…13,32 Apart from the many compounds present in seawater, industrial effluents as well as hydrocarbon pollution as a result of shipping, pleasure craft and harbour effluents also impact intake water. Natural incidences such as red tide or harmful algal blooms have also been linked to marine sewage outfalls, [33][34][35] which could also impact the quality of intake water. As their combined effects and concentrations are mostly unknown, the precautionary principle should be followed with regard to sewage disposal into the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desalination and seawater quality at Green Point, Cape Town: A study on the effects of marine sewage outfalls (with corrigendum)

Petrik¹,

Green²,

Abegunde³

et al. 2017

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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This paper presents our collection methods, laboratory protocols and findings in respect of sewage pollution affecting seawater and marine organisms in Table Bay, Cape Town, South Africa, then moves to consider their implications for the governance of urban water as well as sewage treatment and desalination. A series of seawater samples, collected from approximately 500 m to 1500 m offshore, in rock pools at low tide near Granger Bay, and at a depth under beach sand of 300-400 mm, were investigated for the presence of bacteriological load indicator organisms including Escherichia coli and Enterococcus bacteria. A second series of samples comprised limpets (Patella vulgata), mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), sea urchins (Tripneustes ventricosus), starfish (Fromia monilis), sea snails (Tegula funebralis) and seaweed (Ulva lactuca), collected in rock pools at low tide near Granger Bay, and sediment from wet beach sand and where the organisms were found, close to the sites of a proposed desalination plant and a number of recreational beaches. Intermittently high levels of microbial pollution were noted, and 15 pharmaceutical and common household chemicals were identified and quantified in the background seawater and bioaccumulated in marine organisms. These indicator microbes and chemicals point to the probable presence of pathogens, and literally thousands of chemicals of emerging concern in the seawater. Their bioaccumulation potential is demonstrated.In respect of proposed desalination, the findings indicate that desalinated seawater must be subjected to treatment protocols capable of removing both bacterial loads and organic chemical compounds. The terms of reference for desalination plants must specify adequate testing and monitoring of chemical compounds as well as microorganisms in the intake and recovered water. Drinking water supplied by the proposed seawater desalination plants should be carefully tested for its toxicity.In respect of water management, our findings suggest the need for the City of Cape Town to move to an integrated water and sewage management plan that treats urban water, including seawater, as a circulating system that is integral to the health of the City, and which excludes marine outfalls.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desalination and seawater quality at Green Point, Cape Town: A study on the effects of marine sewage outfalls (with corrigendum)

Petrik¹,

Green²,

Abegunde³

et al. 2017

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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“…Eutrophication in the IRL is exacerbated by limited water circulation through six widely spaced inlets to the Atlantic Ocean with longer residence times in the northern section (Phlips et al, 2002(Phlips et al, , 2004Sigua and Tweedale, 2003;Smith, 1993). Changes in land use have decreased water quality through nutrient pollution from stormwater, wastewater discharges including septic tanks (Barile, 2004;Lapointe et al, 2012;Sigua and Tweedale, 2003;Lapointe et al, 2015), and atmospheric N deposition (Howarth, 2008). The IRL is highly susceptible to increased N loads from the combination of high input and low tidal flushing with a eutrophic condition from 1999 to 2004 of moderate with no change between assessments (NEEA, Bricker et al, 2007Bricker et al, , 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to protect seagrass beds (Fletcher and Fletcher, 1995;Steward et al, 2005). In order to reach this endpoint, environmental factors, specifically nutrient dynamics regulating macroalgal blooms (Lapointe et al, 2015) and associated nutrient cycling (Zimmerman and Montgomery, 1984) require more understanding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative ecophysiology of bloom-forming macroalgae in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida: Ulva lactuca, Hypnea musciformis, and Gracilaria tikvahiae

Whitehouse

Lapointe

2015

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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“…In addition, deforestation, human waste and aquaculture waste have also driven nutrient transported into coastal ecosystems (Hale et al, 2015;Lapointe et al, 2015). Atmospheric deposition and groundwater transportation are of growing importance, together accounting for 20%-50% of total exogenous loading among accelerating nitrogen inputs (Paerl et al, 2002;Troost et al, 2014;Xing et al, 2017).…”

Section: Sources and Drivers Of Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major threats of pollution and climate change to global coastal ecosystems and enhanced management for sustainability

Lü¹,

Yuan²

2018

Preprint

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Coastal zone is of great importance in the provision of various valuable ecosystem services. However, it is also sensitive and vulnerable to environmental changes due to high human populations and interactions between the land and ocean. Major threats of pollution from over enrichment of nutrients, increasing metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and climate change have led to severe ecological degradation in the coastal zone, while few studies have focused on the combined impacts of pollution and climate change on the coastal ecosystems at the global level. A global overview of nutrients, metals, POPs, and major environmental changes due to climate change and their impacts on coastal ecosystems was carried out in this study. Coasts of the Eastern Atlantic and Western Pacific were hotspots of concentrations of several pollutants, and mostly affected by warming climate. These hotspots shared the same features of large populations, heavy industry and (semi-) closed sea. Estimation of coastal ocean capital, integrated management of land-ocean interaction in the coastal zone, enhancement of integrated global observation system, and coastal ecosystembased management can play effective roles in promoting sustainable management of coastal marine ecosystems. Enhanced management from the perspective of mitigating pollution and climate change was proposed.

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Evidence of sewage-driven eutrophication and harmful algal blooms in Florida's Indian River Lagoon

Cited by 221 publications

References 95 publications

Desalination and seawater quality at Green Point, Cape Town: A study on the effects of marine sewage outfalls (with corrigendum)

Desalination and seawater quality at Green Point, Cape Town: A study on the effects of marine sewage outfalls (with corrigendum)

Comparative ecophysiology of bloom-forming macroalgae in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida: Ulva lactuca, Hypnea musciformis, and Gracilaria tikvahiae

Major threats of pollution and climate change to global coastal ecosystems and enhanced management for sustainability

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