Evidence of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus

D’Ortenzio, Éric; Matheron, Sophie; Yazdanpanah, Yazdan; Lamballerie, Xavier de; Hubert, B.; Piorkowski, Géraldine; Maquart, Marianne; Descamps, Diane; Damond, Florence; Leparc-Goffart, Isabelle

doi:10.1056/nejmc1604449

Cited by 650 publications

(531 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Evidence of sexual transmission of ZIKV is presented in reports elsewhere. [29][30][31] Although studies are underway to better understand this issue, it is essential to educate public about the potential sexual transmission of ZIKV and encourage them to take the precautionary measures recommended by the CDC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-sectional Survey on the Knowledge and Attitudes towards Zika Virus and its Prevention among Residents of Selangor, Malaysia

Arief¹,

Hassali²,

Saleem³

et al. 2017

JPPCM

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Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes towards ZIKV and its prevention among residents of Selangor, Malaysia. Methods: A pre-tested, selfadministered, cross-sectional survey involving 400 participants was conducted from January to February 2016 in Selangor, a most populated state of Malaysia. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling approach. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were applied to analyze the data. Results: Of 400 surveys included in the final analysis, 286 (71.5%) respondents showed good knowledge towards ZIKV. The mean knowledge score of the participants was 10.94 ± 3.89. A total of 298 (74.5%) respondents showed a positive attitude towards ZIKV and its prevention. The mean attitude score of the participants was 7.10 ± 2.80 (based on 10 questions). One-third of participants (n=132, 33%) did not consider the need of any protective measure if the male partner is suspected of having ZIKV. A large proportion of respondents (n=190, 47.5%) did not consider Malaysia at risk of ZIKV. Participants' main source of information about ZIKV was the internet. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlighted important gaps in the knowledge and attitudes of Selangor residents towards ZIKV and its prevention. There is a need for developing customized interventions to bridge these gaps as it is critical to prevent the spread of ZIKV in Malaysia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-sectional Survey on the Knowledge and Attitudes towards Zika Virus and its Prevention among Residents of Selangor, Malaysia

Arief¹,

Hassali²,

Saleem³

et al. 2017

JPPCM

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“…The aim of our work is to present the epidemiological consequences of possible sustained sexual transmission. While there are many unknowns, recent work shows (i) multiple anecdotal cases of sexual transmission of ZIKV in humans (25,(29)(30)(31), (ii) multiple separate animal models showing sexual transmission (32)(33)(34), (iii) strong asymmetries between durations of ZIKV shedding in semen and vaginal secretions (20,21), and (iv) differential risk between sexes for ZIKV infection in sexually active populations. Indeed, recent work has identified 90% more ZIKV infections in women between Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric percolation drives a double transition in sexual contact networks

Allard

Althouse

Scarpino

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Zika virus (ZIKV) exhibits unique transmission dynamics in that itis concurrently spread by a mosquito vector and through sexual contact. Due to the highly asymmetric durations of infectiousness between males and females-it is estimated that males are infectious for periods up to 10 times longer than females-we show that this sexual component of ZIKV transmission behaves akin to an asymmetric percolation process on the network of sexual contacts. We exactly solve the properties of this asymmetric percolation on random sexual contact networks and show that this process exhibits two epidemic transitions corresponding to a core-periphery structure. This structure is not present in the underlying contact networks, which are not distinguishable from random networks, and emerges because of the asymmetric percolation. We provide an exact analytical description of this double transition and discuss the implications of our results in the context of ZIKV epidemics. Most importantly, our study suggests a bias in our current ZIKV surveillance, because the community most at risk is also one of the least likely to get tested.A bstract modeling of epidemics on networks remains an active field, because some of the most basic features of epidemics are still misunderstood. The classic model is quite simple (1): disease spreads stochastically with a fixed transmission probability, T , through contacts around a given patient zero. The outbreak dies quickly if T is too small but spreads to a macroscopic fraction S of the entire population if T is larger than a threshold Tc. At Tc, most of the typical insights from phase transition theory are valuable. For instance, the sizes of microscopic outbreaks follow a power law distribution, such that the expected size of microscopic outbreaks, s , indicates the position of a phase transition. Indeed, as T increases, s monotonically increases, diverges exactly at Tc, and then monotonically goes down; meanwhile, the expected macroscopic epidemic size, S , starts increasing monotonically at Tc.However, simple modifications to this model can dramatically alter its phenomenology. The epidemic threshold can vanish in networks with a scale-free degree distribution (2) or in growing networks (3). The phase transition can be discontinuous in the case of complex contagions with threshold exposition or reinforcement (4), interacting epidemics (5, 6), or adaptive networks (7-9). Recently, a unique phenomenon of double-phase transitions has also been observed numerically when networks have a very heterogeneous and clustered structure (10, 11).The current Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic exhibits two unique properties. First, while the main transmission pathway for ZIKV is through a mosquito vector [predominantly Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus (13, 14)], a feature which has its own type of well-studied model and behavior (14-16), it can also spread through sexual contacts (17, 18). Second, the probability of sexual transmission is highly asymmetric between males and females. Although this is also true for ot...

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“…It generally results in a mild disease characterized by low-grade fever, rash, and/or conjunctivitis, although only ∼20% of those infected are symptomatic (4). Although there have been instances of sexual and perinatal/vertical transmission (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) and the potential for transmission by transfusion is present (13), ZIKV spreads primarily through infected Aedes mosquitoes (14,15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Spread of Zika virus in the Americas

Zhang

Sun

Chinazzi

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

296

321

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We use a data-driven global stochastic epidemic model to analyze the spread of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas. The model has high spatial and temporal resolution and integrates real-world demographic, human mobility, socioeconomic, temperature, and vector density data. We estimate that the first introduction of ZIKV to Brazil likely occurred between August 2013 and April 2014 (90% credible interval). We provide simulated epidemic profiles of incident ZIKV infections for several countries in the Americas through February 2017. The ZIKV epidemic is characterized by slow growth and high spatial and seasonal heterogeneity, attributable to the dynamics of the mosquito vector and to the characteristics and mobility of the human populations. We project the expected timing and number of pregnancies infected with ZIKV during the first trimester and provide estimates of microcephaly cases assuming different levels of risk as reported in empirical retrospective studies. Our approach represents a modeling effort aimed at understanding the potential magnitude and timing of the ZIKV epidemic and it can be potentially used as a template for the analysis of future mosquito-borne epidemics. Using a data-driven stochastic and spatial epidemic model, we present numerical results providing insight into the first introduction in the region and the epidemic dynamics across the Americas. We use the model to analyze the spatiotemporal spread and magnitude of the epidemic in the Americas through to February 2017, accounting for seasonal environmental factors and detailed population data. We also provide projections of the number of pregnancies infected with ZIKV during the first trimester, along with estimates for the number of microcephaly cases per country using three different levels of risk based on empirical retrospective studies (36, 37). ResultsIntroduction of ZIKV to the Americas. We identify 12 major transportation hubs in areas related to major events held in Brazil,

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Evidence of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus

Cited by 650 publications

References 4 publications

A Cross-sectional Survey on the Knowledge and Attitudes towards Zika Virus and its Prevention among Residents of Selangor, Malaysia

A Cross-sectional Survey on the Knowledge and Attitudes towards Zika Virus and its Prevention among Residents of Selangor, Malaysia

Asymmetric percolation drives a double transition in sexual contact networks

Spread of Zika virus in the Americas

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