Evidence of Strong Earthquake Shaking in the Lower Wabash Valley from Prehistoric Liquefaction Features

Obermeier, Stephen F.; Bleuer, N. R.; Munson, Cheryl Ann; Munson, Patrick J.; Martin, Wessels; Mcwilliams, K. M.; Tabaczynski, D. A.; Odum, Jack K.; Rubin, Meyer; Eggert, Donald L.

doi:10.1126/science.251.4997.1061

Cited by 81 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Moreover, in Fig. 4 the prediction that dFSM would go negative at Indiana about 7-8 Ka BP coincides with the time frame of a very large (Mw7.5) Wabash Valley earthquake discovered and dated by palaeoliquefaction research (Obermeier et al 1991), which adds credibility to the analysis.…”

Section: Effect Of the Overburden Parametermentioning

confidence: 82%

Induced stresses and fault potential in eastern Canada due to a realistic load: a preliminary analysis

Wu¹,

Hasegawa²

1996

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YIn order to understand the causal relation between postglacial rebound and earthquakes, a realistic ice and water load model is used to (1) calculate stresses induced in the lithosphere and mantle by glacial loading, melting and postglacial rebound and (2) evaluate the effect of glacial loading/rebound on the failure potential for earthquakes in the upper crust. The dependence of both the failure potential and the actual mode of failure on the ambient tectonic stress magnitude, the overburden stress, and lithospheric properties are investigated. Prominent features of this analysis are the inclusion of (1) a viscoelastic mantle and thus the migration of stress, and (2) the ambient tectonic stress and overburden stress contributions in the calculation of the total stress field.The spatio-temporal calculations, by a finite-element technique, of upper-crustal stresses and the failure potential for earthquakes indicate that fault stability is invariably enhanced directly beneath the load. For the case where stresses induced by the overburden are such that the horizontal component (S,) is greater than or equal to the vertical component (S,) (i21, where i=S,/S,), the model predicts the onset of thrust faulting and maximum earthquake activities soon after deglaciation is complete (when rebound rates are at a maximum). Observational data support this prediction. Since that time, rebound stresses have been decreasing in magnitude, but they continue to act as a trigger mechanism for optimally oriented pre-existing faults that are otherwise on the verge of failure. If one limits the existence of such faults to lie within the preweakened zones of eastern Canada, then the spatial distribution of current earthquakes can also be explained.Perturbations to the magnitude of the tectonic stress components or lithospheric properties do not affect, to any significant extent, the above conclusions.

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Section: Effect Of the Overburden Parametermentioning

confidence: 82%

Induced stresses and fault potential in eastern Canada due to a realistic load: a preliminary analysis

Wu¹,

Hasegawa²

1996

Geophysical Journal International

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“…4, 7). Seismically induced clastic dykes have several distinctive features (Obermeier et al, 1991;Li et al, 1996): (1) they widen downward;…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft sediment deformation structures in the Lixian lacustrine sediments, eastern Tibetan Plateau and implications for postglacial seismic activity

Jiang

Zhong

et al. 2016

Sedimentary Geology

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“…Detailed studies, such as along the North Anatolian Fault, discuss time and space distributions of major events and their driving mechanisms (Ambraseys and Finkel, 1991;King et al, 1994). In parallel, the effects of earthquake-induced sudden increases of porewater pressure in unconsolidated sediments in marine or lacustrine sub-aquatic settings, or in continental groundwater aquifers have been investigated both for geotechnical needs (Obermeier et al, 1991;Mulder and Cochonat, 1996) and as potential means of recording ancient earthquakes. Relationships between co-seismic ruptures and/or liquefactions, as seen in natural outcrops or trenches, together with analog modeling, contribute to these approaches (Kuenen, 1958;Sieh, 1978;Obermeier, 1989;Tuttle and Seeber, 1991;McCalpin, 1996;Caselles et al, 1997).…”

Section: Paleo-seismological Aspects For Sub-aqueous Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catastrophic events (hurricanes, tsunami and others) and their sedimentary records: Introductory notes and new concepts for shallow water deposits

Jan

Beck

Gorsline

2007

Sedimentary Geology

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Evidence of Strong Earthquake Shaking in the Lower Wabash Valley from Prehistoric Liquefaction Features

Cited by 81 publications

References 2 publications

Induced stresses and fault potential in eastern Canada due to a realistic load: a preliminary analysis

Induced stresses and fault potential in eastern Canada due to a realistic load: a preliminary analysis

Soft sediment deformation structures in the Lixian lacustrine sediments, eastern Tibetan Plateau and implications for postglacial seismic activity

Catastrophic events (hurricanes, tsunami and others) and their sedimentary records: Introductory notes and new concepts for shallow water deposits

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