Evidence of vertical transport of carbon monoxide from Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT)

Kar, Jayanta; Bremer, H.; Drummond, J. R.; Rochon, Y.; Jones, Dylan B. A.; Nichitiu, F.; Zou, J.; Liu, Jane; Gille, J. C.; Edwards, D. P.; Deeter, M. N.; Francis, Gene; Ziskin, Dan; Warner, J. X.

doi:10.1029/2004gl021128

Cited by 96 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The above calculation is therefore expected to underestimate the monthly emissions accordingly. In addition, satellite observations (Kar et al, 2004;Park et al, 2009) indicate that the maximum CO mixing ratios in the plume center exceed the maximum value of ∼110 ppb measured by CARIBIC so that the position of the flight route west of the center may also result in an underestimation of emissions as discussed in the previous section for CH 4 .…”

Section: Emissions Of Ch 4 N 2 O and Comentioning

confidence: 92%

Greenhouse gas relationships in the Indian summer monsoon plume measured by the CARIBIC passenger aircraft

et al. 2010

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Abstract. During the Indian summer monsoon period 2008, regular measurement flights were performed by the CARIBIC aircraft between Germany and India. Measurements included whole air sampling and subsequent analysis for greenhouse gases (CH 4 , CO 2 , N 2 O, SF 6 ) and in-situ measurements of CO, O 3 , and H 2 O. For all these tracers a distinct monsoon signature was observed in the longitude range 50-80 • E south of 40 • N at flight altitudes 8-12.5 km. The formation of a monsoon plume with enhanced mixing ratios was observed for CH 4 , N 2 O, SF 6 , CO and H 2 O. The plume began to develop in May and persisted through September, and maximum mixing ratios and maximum spatial extension of the plume were observed in August. For CO 2 and O 3 a minimum was observed. The amplitude of the CO 2 seasonal cycle was larger than at comparable latitudes outside the monsoon region, and the CO 2 spring maximum was observed with a delay of one month. Different tracer relationships show strong spatial variations across the plume. The comparison with NOAA ground station data shows a clear enhancement for CH 4 , N 2 O, SF 6 and CO and a decrease in CO 2 mixing ratios. Assuming seasonally invariant SF 6 emissions based on the EDGAR 4.0 inventory, monthly emissions were estimated for the period June-September for CH 4 , N 2 O, and CO, and the CO 2 uptake was estimated. While for N 2 O an emission decrease during the monsoon period was derived, emissions of CH 4 were highest in September indicating a different seasonal cycle of emissions. Net CO 2 uptake by the vegetation was largest in September.

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Section: Emissions Of Ch 4 N 2 O and Comentioning

confidence: 92%

Greenhouse gas relationships in the Indian summer monsoon plume measured by the CARIBIC passenger aircraft

et al. 2010

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“…CO 2 and CO concentrations are also at their seasonal low in the northern hemisphere due to net biospheric uptake of CO 2 and seasonally high chemical loss of CO through reaction with OH. In addition to this, deep convection efficiently transports the emitted pollutants (CO, hydrocarbons.etc) and biospheric uptake signals (of CO 2 ) from the surface to the upper troposphere during the summer monsoon, resulting in lower concentrations at the surface in the summer compared to the winter months (Kar et al, 2004;Randel and Park, 2006;Park et al, 2009;Patra et al, 2011;Baker et al, 2012). During autumn and early winter (December), lower VC caused trapping of anthropogenically emitted CO 2 and CO, and is the major cause for high concentrations of both gases during this period.…”

Section: Seasonal Variations Of Co 2 and Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variations of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CO at Ahmedabad in western India

et al. 2016

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Abstract. About 70 % of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is emitted from the megacities and urban areas of the world. In order to draw effective emission mitigation policies for combating future climate change as well as independently validating the emission inventories for constraining their large range of uncertainties, especially over major metropolitan areas of developing countries, there is an urgent need for greenhouse gas measurements over representative urban regions. India is a fast developing country, where fossil fuel emissions have increased dramatically in the last three decades and are predicted to continue to grow further by at least 6 % per year through to 2025. The CO 2 measurements over urban regions in India are lacking. To overcome this limitation, simultaneous measurements of CO 2 and carbon monoxide (CO) have been made at Ahmedabad, a major urban site in western India, using a state-of-the-art laser-based cavity ring down spectroscopy technique from November 2013 to May 2015. These measurements enable us to understand the diurnal and seasonal variations in atmospheric CO 2 with respect to its sources (both anthropogenic and biospheric) and biospheric sinks. The observed annual average concentrations of CO 2 and CO are 413.0 ± 13.7 and 0.50 ± 0.37 ppm respectively. Both CO 2 and CO show strong seasonality with lower concentrations (400.3 ± 6.8 and 0.19 ± 0.13 ppm) during the south-west monsoon and higher concentrations (419.6 ± 22.8 and 0.72 ± 0.68 ppm) during the autumn (SON) season. Strong diurnal variations are also observed for both the species. The common factors for the diurnal cycles of CO 2 and CO are vertical mixing and rush hour traffic, while the influence of biospheric fluxes is also seen in the CO 2 diurnal cycle. Using CO and CO 2 covariation, we differentiate the anthropogenic and biospheric components of CO 2 and found significant contributions of biospheric respiration and anthropogenic emissions in the late night (00:00-05:00 h, IST) and evening rush hours (18:00-22:00 h) respectively. We compute total yearly emissions of CO to be 69.2 ± 0.07 Gg for the study region using the observed CO : CO 2 correlation slope and bottom-up CO 2 emission inventory. This calculated emission of CO is 52 % larger than the estimated emission of CO by the emissions database for global atmospheric research (EDGAR) inventory. The observations of CO 2 have been compared with an atmospheric chemistry-transport model (ACTM), which incorporates various components of CO 2 fluxes. ACTM is able to capture the basic variabilities, but both diurnal and seasonal amplitudes are largely underestimated compared to the observations. We attribute this underestimation by the model to uncertainties in terrestrial biosphere fluxes and coarse model resolution. The fossil fuel signal from the model shows fairly good correlation with observed CO 2 variations, which supports the overall dominance of fossil fuel emissions over the biospheric fluxes in this urban region.

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“…The latter has been observed as the Asian summer monsoon plume in satellite measurements of various trace species like CO, CH 4 , ozone etc. and has been modeled as well (Kar et al, 2004;Li et al, 2005;Park et al, 2007;Lawrence et al, 2003;Lawrence and Lelieveld, 2010;Xiong et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wintertime pollution over the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains as observed from MOPITT, CALIPSO and tropospheric ozone residual data

et al. 2010

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Abstract.A large wintertime increase in pollutants has been observed over the eastern parts of the Indo Gangetic Plains. We use improved version 4 carbon monoxide (CO) retrievals from the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) along with latest version 3 aerosol data from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) lidar instrument and the tropospheric ozone residual products to characterize this pollution pool. The feature is seen primarily in the lower troposphere from about November to February with strong concomitant increases in CO and aerosol optical depth (AOD). The signature of the feature is also observed in tropospheric ozone column data. The height resolved aerosol data from CALIPSO confirm the trapping of the pollution pool at the lowest altitudes. The observations indicate that MOPITT can capture this low altitude phenomenon even in winter conditions as indicated by the averaging kernels.

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Evidence of vertical transport of carbon monoxide from Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT)

Cited by 96 publications

References 19 publications

Greenhouse gas relationships in the Indian summer monsoon plume measured by the CARIBIC passenger aircraft

Greenhouse gas relationships in the Indian summer monsoon plume measured by the CARIBIC passenger aircraft

Temporal variations of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CO at Ahmedabad in western India

Wintertime pollution over the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains as observed from MOPITT, CALIPSO and tropospheric ozone residual data

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Evidence of vertical transport of carbon monoxide from Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT)

Cited by 96 publications

References 19 publications

Greenhouse gas relationships in the Indian summer monsoon plume measured by the CARIBIC passenger aircraft

Greenhouse gas relationships in the Indian summer monsoon plume measured by the CARIBIC passenger aircraft

Temporal variations of atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CO at Ahmedabad in western India

Wintertime pollution over the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains as observed from MOPITT, CALIPSO and tropospheric ozone residual data

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Temporal variations of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CO at Ahmedabad in western India