Evidence that dietary arachidonic acid increases circulating triglycerides

Whelan, Jay; Surette, Marc E.; Li-Stiles, Bangyan; Bailey, James

doi:10.1007/bf02536300

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The nutrient composition of the diets was calculated from a computerized nutrient data bank using the data from USDA Handbook (8). The Composition of Foods (14) and adjusted to provide at least the recommended daily allowance for known essential nutrients (15).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the caveat introduced into human feeding studies with AA by the Seyberth et al (3) report, there is considerable interest in the metabolic and physiological effects of dietary AA, although most of the data available currently come from animal experiments (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). AA injected as the free acid intravenously in rabbits causes rapid disseminated intravascular coagulation and the death of the animals (10,11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…AA injected as the free acid intravenously in rabbits causes rapid disseminated intravascular coagulation and the death of the animals (10,11). In animal studies, large amounts of AA in the ester form do not seem to cause significant harm to the animals in the short term (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)12).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The effect of dietary arachidonic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans

Nelson

Schmidt

Bartolini

et al. 1997

Lipids

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Arachidonic acid (AA) is the precursor of thromboxane and prostacyclin, two of the most active compounds related to platelet function. The effect of dietary AA on platelet function in humans is not understood although a previous study suggested dietary AA might have adverse physiological consequences on platelet function. Here normal healthy male volunteers (n = 10) were fed diets containing 1.7 g/d of AA for 50 d. The control diet contained 210 mg/d of AA. Platelet aggregation in the platelet-rich plasma was determined using ADP, collagen, and AA. No statistical differences could be detected between the aggregation before and after consuming the high-AA diet. The prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and the antithrombin III levels in the subjects were determined also. There were no statistically significant differences in these three parameters when the values were compared before and after they consumed the high-AA diet. The in vivo bleeding times also did not show a significant difference before and after the subjects consumed the high-AA diet. Platelets exhibited only small changes in their AA content during the AA feeding period. The results from this study on blood clotting parameters and in vitro platelet aggregation suggest that adding 1.5 g/d of dietary AA for 50 d to a typical Western diet containing about 200 mg of AA produces no observable physiological changes in blood coagulation and thrombotic tendencies in healthy, adult males compared to the unsupplemented diet. Thus, moderate intakes of foods high in AA have few effects on blood coagulation, platelet function, or platelet fatty acid composition.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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The effect of dietary arachidonic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans

Nelson

Schmidt

Bartolini

et al. 1997

Lipids

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“…Human studies using AA have been limited, probably because of suggestions in the literature that higher levels of AA in the diet may have adverse consequences (5,6). Nevertheless, there have been many feeding studies in animals using high levels of AA that have not shown any major adverse effects (7)(8)(9)(10). Furthermore, several human studies (5,(11)(12)(13) have not resulted in any actual harm to the subjects despite some potential adverse changes in a few physiological parameters such as platelet aggregation in vitro (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

The effect of dietary arachidonic acid on plasma lipoprotein distributions, apoproteins, blood lipid levels, and tissue fatty acid composition in humans

Nelson

Schmidt

Bartolini

et al. 1997

Lipids

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Normal healthy male volunteers (n = 10) were fed diets (high-AA) containing 1.7 g/d of arachidonic acid (AA) for 50 d. The control (low-AA) diet contained 210 mg/d of AA. Dietary AA had no statistically significant effect on the blood cholesterol levels, lipoprotein distribution, or apoprotein levels. Adipose tissue fatty acid composition was not influenced by AA feeding. The plasma total fatty acid composition was markedly enriched in AA after 50 d (P < 0.005). The fatty acid composition of plasma lipid fractions, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipid (PL) showed marked differences in the degree of enrichment in AA. The PL plasma fraction from the subjects consuming the low-AA diet contained 10.3% AA while the subjects who consumed the high-AA diet had plasma PL fractions containing 19.0% AA. The level of 22:4n-6 also was different (0.67 to 1.06%) in the plasma PL fraction after 50 d of AA feeding. After consuming the high-AA diet, the total red blood cell fatty acid composition was significantly enriched in AA which mainly replaced linoleic acid. These results indicate that dietary AA is incorporated into tissue lipids, but selectively into different tissues and lipid classes. Perhaps more importantly, the results demonstrate that dietary AA does not alter blood lipids or lipoprotein levels or have obvious adverse health effects at this level and duration of feeding.

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“…Lp-PLA2 along with triglycerides are major determinants of small dense LDL, a major cardiovascular disease risk factor. In hamster feeding experiments, addition of arachidonic acid to the diet increases blood triglyceride levels (Whelan et al 1995 ). In humans, there is considerable interest in the role of brain arachidonic acid in membrane function and as a precursor for eicosanoids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A causal network analysis in an observational study identifies metabolomics pathways influencing plasma triglyceride levels

Yazdani

Saniei

et al. 2016

Metabolomics

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Introduction Plasma triglyceride levels are a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Triglyceride metabolism is well characterized, but challenges remain to identify novel paths to lower levels. A metabolomics analysis may help identify such novel pathways and, therefore, provide hints about new drug targets. Objectives In an observational study, causal relationships in the metabolomics level of granularity are taken into account to distinguish metabolites and pathways having a direct effect on plasma triglyceride levels from those which are only associated with or have indirect effect on triglyceride. Method The analysis began by leveraging near-complete information from the genome level of granularity using the GDAG algorithm to identify a robust causal network over 122 metabolites in an upper level of granularity. Knowing the metabolomics causal relationships, we enter the triglyceride variable in the model to identify metabolites with direct effect on plasma triglyceride levels. We carried out the same analysis on triglycerides measured over five different visits spanning 24 years. Result Nine metabolites out of 122 metabolites under consideration influenced directly plasma triglyceride levels. Given these nine metabolites, the rest of metabolites in the study do not have a significant effect on triglyceride levels at significance level alpha = 0.001. Therefore, for the further analysis and interpretations about triglyceride levels, the focus should be on these nine metabolites out of 122 metabolites in the study. The metabolites with the strongest effects at the baseline visit were arachidonate and carnitine, followed by 9-hydroxy-octadecadenoic acid and palmitoylglycerophosphoinositol. The influence of arachidonate on triglyceride levels remained significant even at the fourth visit, which was 10 years after the baseline visit. Conclusion These results demonstrate the utility of integrating multi-omics data in a granularity framework to identify novel candidate pathways to lower risk factor levels.

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Evidence that dietary arachidonic acid increases circulating triglycerides

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

The effect of dietary arachidonic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans

The effect of dietary arachidonic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans

The effect of dietary arachidonic acid on plasma lipoprotein distributions, apoproteins, blood lipid levels, and tissue fatty acid composition in humans

A causal network analysis in an observational study identifies metabolomics pathways influencing plasma triglyceride levels

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