Evidence that <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> is the Causal Agent of Almond Leaf Scorch Disease in Alicante, Mainland Spain (Iberian Peninsula)

Marco‐Noales, Ester; Barbé, Silvia; Monterde, Adela; Navarro-Herrero, I.; Ferrer, Amparo González; Dalmau, Vicente; Aure, Cristina M.; Domingo-Calap, Maria Luisa; Landa, Blanca B.; Roselló, Montserrat

doi:10.1094/pdis-03-21-0625-sc

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As expected, using NGS analysis we identified four different ASVs belonging to X. fastidiosa that correspond to the subsp. multiplex associated to ALSD in the DA of the Valencian Community, in the province of Alicante (Spain) ( Arias-Giraldo et al, 2020 ; Marco-Noales et al, 2021 ). Additionally, we found good agreement between X. fastidiosa reads obtained by NGS analysis and the Cq values obtained by the two qPCR protocols used to detect X. fastidiosa infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pauca ST80 on the island of Ibiza ( Delbianco et al, 2022 ). Simultaneously to the outbreak detected in Majorca, in the summer of 2017, the symptoms of ALSD were also observed for the first time in mainland Spain on 30-year-old almond trees in several orchards in the municipality El Castell de Guadalest of Alicante province, in the Eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula ( Marco-Noales et al, 2021 ). Currently, the X. fastidiosa demarcated area (DA) in the Valencian Community covers an extension of >136,200 ha (>135,000 in Alicante province and >1,200 in Valencia province).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In this outbreak area, only X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex ST6 has been identified in infected almond trees ( Marco-Noales et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Xylella fastidiosa Infection Reshapes Microbial Composition and Network Associations in the Xylem of Almond Trees

et al. 2022

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Xylella fastidiosa represents a major threat to important crops worldwide including almond, citrus, grapevine, and olives. Nowadays, there are no efficient control measures for X. fastidiosa, and the use of preventive measures and host resistance represent the most practical disease management strategies. Research on vessel-associated microorganisms is gaining special interest as an innate natural defense of plants to cope against infection by xylem-inhabiting pathogens. The objective of this research has been to characterize, by next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis, the microbial communities residing in the xylem sap of almond trees affected by almond leaf scorch disease (ALSD) in a recent X. fastidiosa outbreak occurring in Alicante province, Spain. We also determined community composition changes and network associations occurring between xylem-inhabiting microbial communities and X. fastidiosa. For that, a total of 91 trees with or without ALSD symptoms were selected from a total of eight representative orchards located in five municipalities within the X. fastidiosa-demarcated area. X. fastidiosa infection in each tree was verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis, with 54% of the trees being tested X. fastidiosa-positive. Globally, Xylella (27.4%), Sphingomonas (13.9%), and Hymenobacter (12.7%) were the most abundant bacterial genera, whereas Diplodia (30.18%), a member of the family Didymellaceae (10.7%), and Aureobasidium (9.9%) were the most predominant fungal taxa. Furthermore, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of Bray–Curtis and weighted UniFrac distances differentiated almond xylem bacterial communities mainly according to X. fastidiosa infection, in contrast to fungal community structure that was not closely related to the presence of the pathogen. Similar results were obtained when X. fastidiosa reads were removed from the bacterial data set although the effect was less pronounced. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed negative associations among four amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) assigned to X. fastidiosa with different bacterial ASVs belonging to 1174-901-12, Abditibacterium, Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium–Methylorubrum, Modestobacter, Xylophilus, and a non-identified member of the family Solirubrobacteraceae. Determination of the close-fitting associations between xylem-inhabiting microorganisms and X. fastidiosa may help to reveal specific microbial players associated with the suppression of ALSD under high X. fastidiosa inoculum pressure. These identified microorganisms would be good candidates to be tested in planta, to produce almond plants more resilient to X. fastidiosa infection when inoculated by endotherapy, contributing to suppress ALSD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Xylella fastidiosa Infection Reshapes Microbial Composition and Network Associations in the Xylem of Almond Trees

et al. 2022

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“…pauca ST53, in Lecce (Morelli et al, 2021;Saponari et al, 2013), and other with ALS, caused by X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex ST6, in Alicante (Landa et al, 2020;Marco-Noales et al, 2021). The climate covariates presented low variabilities and were not relevant in the resulting models, so they were not related with the distribution of X. fastidiosa in the study areas.…”

Section: Epidemiological Models To Assist Outbreak Response Programme...mentioning

confidence: 96%

Recent research accomplishments on early detection of Xylella fastidiosa outbreaks in the Mediterranean Basin

Velasco-Amo

Civera²,

Zarco‐Tejada³

et al. 2023

Phytopathol. Mediterr.

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Xylella fastidiosa is a major transboundary plant pest, causing severe socioeconomic impacts. Development of preventive strategies and methods for surveillance, early detection, monitoring, and accurate diagnosis of X. fastidiosa and its vectors, are keys to preventing the effects of this plant pathogen, and assist timely eradication or optimisation of containment measures. This review focuses on approaches for early detection of X. fastidiosa in the Mediterranean Basin, including development of climatic suitability risk maps to determine areas of potential establishment, and epidemiological models to assist in outbreak management through optimized surveillance and targeted responses. The usefulness of airborne hyperspectral and thermal images from remote sensing to discriminate X. fastidiosa infections from other biotic- and abiotic-induced spectral signatures is also discussed. The most commonly used methods for identifying X. fastidiosa in infected plants and vectors, and the molecular approaches available to genetically characterize X. fastidiosa strains, are described. Each of these approaches has trade-offs, but stepwise or simultaneous combinations of these methods may help to contain X. fastidiosa epidemics in the Mediterranean Basin.

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“…On the other hand, Davis et al (1980) observed that almond trees inoculated in the spring (March) and summer (June) showed symptoms 3 months later. More recently, Marco-Noales et al (2021) observed disease symptoms a year after inoculation.…”

Section: Symptoms Subspecies and Sequence Types Almond Leaf Scorch Diseasementioning

confidence: 98%

Diseases Caused by Xylella fastidiosa in Prunus Genus: An Overview of the Research on an Increasingly Widespread Pathogen

et al. 2021

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Cultivated plants belonging to the genus Prunus are globally widespread and for some countries, are economically important crops; and they play a key role in the composition of a landscape. Xylella fastidiosa is a key threat to plant health, and several Prunus species are heavily stressed by this pathogen, such as almond, peach, and plum; many strain types of different subspecies can cause severe diseases. This review highlights different approaches to managing epidemic events related to X. fastidiosa in stone fruit plants. In fact, in most new European and Asian outbreaks, almond is the main and very common host and peach, plum, apricot, and cherry are widespread and profitable crops for the involved areas. Various diseases associated with stone fruit plants show different degrees of severity in relation to cultivar, although investigations are still limited. The development and selection of tolerant and resistant cultivars and the study of resistance mechanisms activated by the plant against X. fastidiosa infections seem to be the best way to find long-term solutions aimed at making affected areas recover. In addition, observations in orchards severely affected by the disease can be essential for collecting tolerant or resistant materials within the local germplasm. In areas where the bacterium is not yet present, a qualitative-quantitative study on entomofauna is also important for the timely identification of potential vectors and for developing effective control strategies.

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Evidence that Xylella fastidiosa is the Causal Agent of Almond Leaf Scorch Disease in Alicante, Mainland Spain (Iberian Peninsula)

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Xylella fastidiosa Infection Reshapes Microbial Composition and Network Associations in the Xylem of Almond Trees

Xylella fastidiosa Infection Reshapes Microbial Composition and Network Associations in the Xylem of Almond Trees

Recent research accomplishments on early detection of Xylella fastidiosa outbreaks in the Mediterranean Basin

Diseases Caused by Xylella fastidiosa in Prunus Genus: An Overview of the Research on an Increasingly Widespread Pathogen

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