Evidence that obesity and androgens have independent and opposing effects on gonadotropin production from puberty to maturity

Rosenfield, Robert L.; Bordini, Brian

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.088

Cited by 77 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Obese woman had significantly lower LH level responses to GnRH than the normal-weight group (17). Similar data also exist in obese girls without precocious puberty (2,6,7,18). Overweight early pubertal girls had significant blunting of sleeprelated LH production, which is the first hormonal change of puberty.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Impact of BMI on gonadorelin‐stimulated LH peak in premenarcheal girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty

Liang

Zhou

et al. 2015

Obesity

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Objective: To clarify the impact of body mass index (BMI) on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in response to gonadorelin (GnRH) stimulation testing in girls diagnosed with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP). Methods: Retrospective single-center cohort study was carried out in 865 confirmed ICPP girls who underwent GnRH stimulation tests. Pubertal development according to Tanner, sex hormone parameters, and LH secretion in response to GnRH-stimulation was compared. Results: Around 609 girls were of normal weight (70.4%), while 168 children (19.4%) were overweight, and 88 (10.2%) were obese. Peak LH levels after GnRH were much higher in the normal-weight group, with a median of 9.1 mIU ml 21 (interquartile 5.2-13.1), compared with the median peak LH in the overweight and obese groups (8.5 mIU ml 21 , interquartile 5.3-11.6, and 6.2 mIU ml 21 , interquartile 5.3-11.0, respectively P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Peak LH/FSH ratio was also lower in the obese group (median 0.6, interquartile 0.68-0.90) compared with the normal-weight (median 0.8, interquartile 0.61-1.11) and overweight (median 0.8, interquartile 0.64-0.92) groups. Conclusions: Higher BMI is associated with lower LH response to GnRH-stimulation testing in girls with ICPP. It is recommended that BMI should be considered when interpreting GnRH-stimulation tests.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Impact of BMI on gonadorelin‐stimulated LH peak in premenarcheal girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty

Liang

Zhou

et al. 2015

Obesity

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“…Volume 76 | Number 6 | December 2014 interpretation could be via the suppressive effect of high adiposity on hypothalamic-pituitary gonal function (28) coupled with hyperandrogenemia (29), independent of its known paradoxic role of advancing puberty (28). Further research in children is needed to fully elucidate this complex interplay of hormones, nutrition and adiposity associated with physical growth and maturation and adverse health outcomes through young adulthood.…”

Section: Pre-and Postnatal Body Composition and Pubertal Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age at hormonal onset of puberty based on luteinizing hormone, inhibin B, and body composition in preadolescent US girls

et al. 2014

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Background: Hormonal indicators could be useful for detecting early pubertal onset, but there is little research on how they are related to puberty in US girls. We determined median age at hormonal onset of puberty based on luteinizing hormone (LH) and inhibin B (InB) and explored the extent to which body composition moderates this timing process. Methods:We analyzed anthropometric and hormone data of 698 US peri-pubertal girls ages 6-11.99 y who had participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), [1988][1989][1990][1991][1992][1993][1994]. results: Median age of hormonal onset of puberty was 10.43 y by LH and 10.08 y by InB cut-offs (1.04 mIU/ml for LH and 17.89 pg/ml for InB). Postnatal weight gain modulated onset, making it earlier by 10-11 mo among the highest (greater than +1 SD) relative to normal weight gainers. Onset occurred first in nonHispanic black (NHB) girls, 10.08 y (95% confidence interval (CI): 10.07-10.09), followed by Mexican-American (MXAM) at 10.64 y (95% CI: 10.63-10.65), and at 10.66 y (95% CI: 10.66-10.67) for non-Hispanic white (NHW) girls using LH. With InB, onset occurred first in MXAM girls at 9.9 y, and at 10.3 y and 10.4 y for their NHB and NHW peers, respectively. conclusion: Preadolescent weight gain lowers the age at hormonal onset as defined by LH concentrations. Preventing obesity in childhood may also avert the earlier initiation of the maturation process even at the hormonal level. a lthough breast bud palpation has been recommended for assessing puberty in epidemiologic studies (1,2), it is often not feasible in nonclinical settings due to privacy concerns and can be inaccurate in overweight girls. As a result, menarche is frequently used as the only marker of puberty. Although the timing of puberty is influenced by several factors including genetics, nutrition, adiposity, ethnicity, and environmental pollutants (3,4) as well as size at birth (5,6), it also has a strong and obligatory endocrine component. Puberty is triggered by reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis which stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland, which in turn induce gonadal maturation (7), including inhibin B (InB) secretion by the ovaries. The elevation of LH circulating levels during puberty are of much greater magnitude than the rise of FSH. The changes of InB, an index of ovarian response to gonadotropin, particularly FSH stimulation, have not been well studied. Hence, the changes of both of these hormones can be markers of onset of pubertal hormonal secretion.While hormonal indicators of onset of puberty would be useful for early detection as recommended by an expert panel in 2008 (1,2), there is little research on how pubertal hormones are related with pubertal timing in US children. The availability of nationally representative hormone data (LH, InB), although not a comprehensive set of indicators, for a peri-pubertal sample of US girls provides an opportunity to elu...

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“…Moderately increased concentrations stimulate the synthesis of LH, while high concentrations have the opposite eff ect. Several studies have shown that women with abdominal obesity have higher levels of T and E2 compared to women with gluteofemoral obesity (Rosenfeld and Bordini, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of a low-calorie diet or an isocaloric diet combined with metformin on sex hormones In obese women of child-bearing age

Swora-Cwynar

Kujawska-Łuczak

Suliburska

et al. 2016

Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment

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Background. The infl uence of weight loss treatment on sex hormones profi le has been studied mainly in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but in obese premenopausal women without PCOS it still remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the eff ect of two approaches to obesity treatment on the serum level of sex hormones in obese women of child-bearing age without PCOS. Material and methods. 77 obese Caucasian women (aged 31.2 ±8.3 years) were randomized into two groups: 39 women received a low-calorie diet (LC) and 38 received an isocaloric diet plus metformin (IM), for 12 weeks. Anthropometric parameters, body composition and serum concentrations of estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA-S) sulfate were evaluated at baseline and after the study. Results. Reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and body fat content with an increase in lean body percent were signifi cant and comparable between the LC and IM group after the trial. The concentrations of serum FSH, LH, E2, DHEA and T did not change in either group after treatment. A tendency towards an increase in the E2 concentration in both groups and a decrease in the T level in the LC group was observed. The correlations between a change in BMI, fat content, waist-hip ratio and a change in T were documented in the LC group. Conclusion. A 12-week low-calorie diet and an isocaloric diet combined with metformin produced comparable and signifi cant weight loss with improvements in body composition. Both interventions did not signifi cantly aff ect FSH, LH and DHEA sulfate serum concentrations, only a trend towards an E2 increase and a T decrease was observed, stronger in LC group. The signifi cant correlations shown between the changes in anthropometric and body composition parameters and T serum levels in women treated with a low-calorie diet alone show the benefi cial eff ect of a lifestyle intervention on the sex hormone in obese premenopausal women.

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Evidence that obesity and androgens have independent and opposing effects on gonadotropin production from puberty to maturity

Cited by 77 publications

References 106 publications

Impact of BMI on gonadorelin‐stimulated LH peak in premenarcheal girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty

Impact of BMI on gonadorelin‐stimulated LH peak in premenarcheal girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty

Age at hormonal onset of puberty based on luteinizing hormone, inhibin B, and body composition in preadolescent US girls

The effects of a low-calorie diet or an isocaloric diet combined with metformin on sex hormones In obese women of child-bearing age

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