Evidence That the Stilbene-Derived Optical Brightener M2R EnhancesAutographa californicaM Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infection ofTrichoplusia niandHeliothis virescensby Preventing Sloughing of Infected Midgut Epithelial Cells

Washburn, Jan O.; Kirkpatrick, Bruce A.; Haas-Stapleton, Eric J.; Volkman, Loy E.

doi:10.1006/bcon.1997.0572

Cited by 102 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, in the absence of optical brightener, the degraded membrane proteins can fully regenerate in a few hours (Wang & Granados, 2000). Tinopal LPW has also been shown to greatly increase the number of epithelial columnar cells that act as primary foci of infection (Adams et al , 1994), and to inhibit the rate of turnover of gut cells, thus reducing the probability that an insect can resist disease by sloughing infected epithelial cells (Washburn et al ., 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optical brightener Tinopal LPW has been found to inhibit the sloughing of virusinfected gut cells (Washburn et al ., 1998) and also affects the integrity of the peritrophic membrane of Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) larvae (Wang & Granados, 2000). However, secondary effects on the growth and development of insects that have consumed optical brighteners have not been extensively studied Wang & Granados, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of an optical brightener on the development, body weight and sex ratio ofSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Martínez¹,

Caballero²,

Williams³

2004

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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The incorporation of stilbene-derived optical brighteners into baculovirus formulations can substantially enhance virus infectivity and persistence of inoculum in the field. We evaluated the effect of the optical brightener Tinopal UNPA-GX (Sigma Chemical Co.) on the weight, development time, adult emergence and sex ratio of the principal pest of maize in the Americas, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Tinopal UNPA-GX was incorporated into semi-synthetic diet at a final concentration of 0.1 or 0.05% (w/v) and larvae of S. frugiperda were individually reared on the Tinopal-treated or an untreated control diet. In both Tinopal treatments, the weights of larvae and pupae were significantly reduced by up to 36 and 13%, respectively. The duration of larval development was increased by up to 30% compared to the controls. Adult emergence was high in all treatments (:/90%) and was not affected by the presence of Tinopal in the diet. Significant differences in the proportion of adult females were observed in the 0.05% Tinopal treatment but not in the control or 0.1% Tinopal treatments. By affecting the integrity of the peritrophic membrane and the rate of sloughing of intestinal epithelial cells, natural pest populations exposed to optical brightener residues from bioinsecticide applications are likely to suffer a reduction in growth rate and other correlates of insect fitness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an optical brightener on the development, body weight and sex ratio ofSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Martínez¹,

Caballero²,

Williams³

2004

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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“…Midgut-based resistance to baculovirus was reported previously Washburn et al, 1998;Hoover et al, 2000). The midgut plays very important roles in the resistance against baculovirus, but the resistance mechanism is not very clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Localization of the Vacuolar-Type ATPase in the Midgut Cells of Silkworm (Bombyx mori)

Yang

Chen

et al. 2009

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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The vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is a multifunctional enzyme that consists of several subunits. Subunit B is a part of the catalytic domain of the enzyme. The result of the RT-PCR suggested that the V-ATPase B subunit is a ubiquitous gene. 24 h after the larvae were infected with the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), the expression level of the V-ATPase B subunit in the midgut of the resistant strain NB was about 3 times higher than in the susceptible strain 306, and then the expression level of the V-ATPase B subunit decreased rapidly to a very low level. This indicated that the virus may cause a lot of changes of physiological conditions in the midgut. Localization of the V-ATPase B subunit was attempted in midgut cells of Bombyx mori by immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemical localization with the antibody against the B subunit revealed a positive staining in goblet cell apical membranes of Bombyx mori midgut cells as well as in the midgut of Manduca sexta. This sequence has been registered in GenBank under the accession number EU727173.

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“…The insect Spodoptera frugiperda is susceptible to systemic AcMNPV BV, but limited ODV attachment to midgut cells prevents AcMNPV from efficiently initiating infection of S. frugiperda larvae in nature (Haas-Stapleton et al, 2003. Once a midgut infection is established, AcMNPV can stimulate an apoptotic cascade so that infected cells are eliminated to limit systemic infection (Washburn et al, 1998;da Silveira et al, 2005;Dougherty et al, 2006). Upon entering the haemocoel, Helicoverpa zea and Manduca sexta can mount a cellular immune response against AcMNPV that limits amplification and dissemination of the virus (Washburn et al, 1996(Washburn et al, , 2000Trudeau et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in fifth-instar Anticarsia gemmatalis larvae

Chikhalya¹,

Luu²,

Carrera³

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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We have investigated infection and pathogenesis of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) in Anticarsia gemmatalis (velvetbean caterpillar) larvae using a lacZ recombinant virus (AcMNPV-hsp70/lacZ) to track the temporal progression of infection in the midgut intestine and haemocoel. A. gemmatalis was highly resistant to fatal infection by occlusion bodies (OBs; LD 50 .5.5¾105 OB) and budded virus (BV; LD 50 .3¾10 5 BV) administered via oral and systemic routes, respectively. Orally administered occlusion-derived virus (ODV) efficiently attached and fused to midgut cells; however, high levels of infectioninduced apoptosis limited infection in the midgut. Transcriptional analysis of AcMNPV genes expressed in the midgut of OB-inoculated A. gemmatalis larvae showed high levels of mRNA encoding the major capsid protein VP39 in the absence of immediate-early transactivator 1 (ie-1) expression. In the midgut, virus was efficiently transferred from infected midgut epithelial cells to nearby tracheolar cells and circulating haemocytes to initiate systemic infection in the haemocoel. However, haemocoelic BV did not efficiently disseminate infection and only cuticular epidermal cells displayed high levels of viral infection. Flow cytometry analysis of haemocytes isolated from BV-inoculated A. gemmatalis larvae showed low-level expression of the BV envelope protein GP64 on the cell surface, suggesting that A. gemmatalis haemocytes have a limited capacity for amplifying virus. These results show that AcMNPV is not an effective biological control agent for limiting crop damage caused by A. gemmatalis larvae.

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Evidence That the Stilbene-Derived Optical Brightener M2R EnhancesAutographa californicaM Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infection ofTrichoplusia niandHeliothis virescensby Preventing Sloughing of Infected Midgut Epithelial Cells

Cited by 102 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of an optical brightener on the development, body weight and sex ratio ofSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Effects of an optical brightener on the development, body weight and sex ratio ofSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Characterization and Localization of the Vacuolar-Type ATPase in the Midgut Cells of Silkworm (Bombyx mori)

Pathogenesis of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in fifth-instar Anticarsia gemmatalis larvae

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