2011
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02232-10
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Evidence that TMPRSS2 Activates the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein for Membrane Fusion and Reduces Viral Control by the Humoral Immune Response

Abstract: The spike (S) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) can be proteolytically activated by cathepsins B and L upon viral uptake into target cell endosomes. In contrast, it is largely unknown whether host cell proteases located in the secretory pathway of infected cells and/or on the surface of target cells can cleave SARS S. We along with others could previously show that the type II transmembrane protease TMPRSS2 activates the influenza virus hemagglutinin and the human metapneu… Show more

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Cited by 1,075 publications
(1,162 citation statements)
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“…ATI-like cells had robust surface expression of ACE2, suggesting that ACE2 binding is not the limiting factor in susceptibility to v2163 infection. Other groups have recently demonstrated the importance of a cellular protease, TMPRSS2, in enhancing ACE2-dependent and -independent infection by SARS-CoV (Glowacka et al, 2011;Matsuyama et al, 2010;Shulla et al, 2011). It is not known whether TMPRSS2 is important for infection by mouse-adapted strains of SARS-CoV.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…ATI-like cells had robust surface expression of ACE2, suggesting that ACE2 binding is not the limiting factor in susceptibility to v2163 infection. Other groups have recently demonstrated the importance of a cellular protease, TMPRSS2, in enhancing ACE2-dependent and -independent infection by SARS-CoV (Glowacka et al, 2011;Matsuyama et al, 2010;Shulla et al, 2011). It is not known whether TMPRSS2 is important for infection by mouse-adapted strains of SARS-CoV.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cell-Cell Fusion Assays-To evaluate the effect of mutations on HIV-1 Env-driven cell-cell fusion, a sensitive assay was adapted from our previous studies (23,24). Briefly, 293T effector cells seeded in 6-well plates at 4 ϫ 10 5 cells per well were transfected with the plasmid encoding HIV-1 NL4-3 Env or its mutants (M626A or T627A) in combination with plasmid pGAL4-VP16, which encodes the herpes simplex virus VP16 transactivator fused to the DNA-binding domain of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor GAL4.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cleavage at this site shifts the starting position of the putative fusion peptide, which modulates but does not abrogate fusogenicity of S. A study has shown that plasmin, a known protease activator of influenza HA, could, along with trypsin, cleave SARS-CoV S expressed in BHK-21 cells (Kam et al, 2009). The respiratory-tract resident and cell surface-expressed TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS11a proteases were shown to cleave and mediate activation of SARS-CoV entry in studies using HEK-293T-produced SARS-CoV S pseudoviruses (Glowacka et al, 2011; Kam et al, 2009). This is a feature shared with influenza HA, which is known to be activated by TMPRSS proteases (Böttcher et al, 2006).…”
Section: Coronavirus Spike (S) Proteolytic Activationmentioning
confidence: 99%