“…In contrast with several state-of-the-art works (e.g., Celik & Dokuz, 2018;Do et al, 2018;Huang & Carley, 2019;Paule et al, 2019;Ozdikis et al, 2019), a pure unsupervised WD approach is adopted and thus no geographic labeled data (e.g., tweets or user location profiles) is required, only historical tweet nouns and GT data. Moreover, we do not use LIW, as adopted in (Ozdikis et al, 2016;Williams et al, 2017;Bakerman et al, 2018;Shahraki et al, 2019), since LIW often assumes finite and rather static set of locations, typically associated to small world regions. Instead, we use tweet nouns, which can be dynamically updated and that can refer to geographic words and also other terms with a location context (e.g., events, people or organizations).…”