Evoked Activity in the Hypothalamus and Amygdala of the Cat in Conditions of Food-Related Motivation and Emotional Tension

Павлова, И. В.; Vanetsian, G. L.

doi:10.1007/s11055-005-0171-5

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…At the same time, acute stress in general produces stimulating effects on cellular signaling and neurophysiologic models and is followed by enhanced passive avoidance learning, although these effects may depend on the type, intensity, and duration of stressful models. Acute stress induces also increased BDNF levels in the cortex and hippocampus of rodents (Kaneto 1997, Calderon et al 1999, Das et al 2000, Black 2002, Bland et al 2005, Schneiderman et al 2005, Ahmed et al 2006, Pavlova & Vanetsian 2006, Dungan et al 2009, Mazurek et al 2010, Shackman et al 2011, Tomiyama et al 2012, Uysal et al 2012). …”

Section: Enduring Improved Efficiency Of the Cns And The Visual Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced brain performance in mice following postnatal stress

Loizzo

Spampinato

Campana

et al. 2012

Journal of Endocrinology

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The double postnatal stress model (brief maternal separation plus sham injection daily applied from birth to weaning) induces metabolic alterations similar to type 2 diabetes in young-adult male mice. We verify whether 1) the stress also induces brain metabolic-functional alterations connected to diabetes and 2) different alterations are modulated selectively by two stress-damaged endogenous systems (opioid-and/or ACTH-corticosteroid-linked). Here, diabetes-like metabolic plus neurophysiologicneurometabolic parameters are studied in adult mice following postnatal stress and drug treatment. Surprisingly, together with 'classic' diabetes-like alterations, the stress model induces in young-adult mice significantly enhanced brain neurometabolic-neurophysiologic performances, consisting of decreased latency to flash-visual evoked potentials (Kw8%); increased level (Cw40%) and reduced latency (Kw30%) of NAD(P)H autofluorescence postsynaptic signals following electric stimuli; enhanced passive avoidance learning (Cw135% latency); and enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor level (Cw70%). Postnatal treatment with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone prevents some alterations, moreover the treatment with antisense (AS; AS vs proopiomelanocortin mRNA) draws all parameters to control levels, thus showing that some alterations are bound to endogenous opioid-system hyper-functioning, while others depend on ACTHcorticosterone system hyper-functioning. Our stress model induces diabetes-like metabolic alterations coupled to enhanced brain neurometabolic-neurophysiologic performances. Taken all together, these findings are compatible with an 'enduring acute-stress' reaction, which puts mice in favorable survival situations vs controls. However, prolonged hormonal-metabolic imbalances are expected to also produce diabetes-like complications at later ages in stressed mice.

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Section: Enduring Improved Efficiency Of the Cns And The Visual Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced brain performance in mice following postnatal stress

Loizzo

Spampinato

Campana

et al. 2012

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Neurologists believe that the hypothalamus plays a critical role in human drives. Here, socially appropriate sexual urges are coordinated with the “four Fs” of human behavior, i.e., fear, feeding, fighting, and frustration [46]. It is thought that the hypothalamus processes relevant sexual stimuli, and activates somatomotor and autonomic mechanisms responsible for penile erection [47].…”

Section: Supraspinal Sexual Centersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Genital Nerve Afferents in the Physiology of the Sexual Response and Pelvic Floor Function

Tajkarimi

Burnett

2011

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Introduction Our understanding of genital and pelvic floor physiology is rapidly expanding. Penile erection is a neurovascular event controlled by spinal autonomic centers, the activity of which is dependent on input from supraspinal centers and the genitalia. Genital afferent stimulation excites spinal autonomic nuclei and supraspinal sexual centers of both genders. Aim To present a detailed understanding of the functional importance of genital afferent neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. Methods English-written articles of diverse disciplines from 1980 to 2010 that contained information on genital anatomy, pudendal/dorsal/perineal/cavernous nerves, vibratory stimulation, reflexogenic erection, peripheral/central nervous system-mediated erectile and micturition pathways, and sexual arousal in animals and humans were reviewed. Main Outcome Measures Analysis of supporting evidence for the role of genital afferents in the physiology of erectile response and pelvic floor function. Results Basic science and clinical studies support the concept that pudendal nerve circuitry serves an essential purpose for sexual behavior, erectile function, penile rigidity, ejaculation, and micturition. Males and females share a comparable pattern of genital afferent neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, and sexual and micturition reflexes are similar in both genders. Pudendal nerve branches communicate with the cavernous nerves and are nitric oxide synthase positive. Genital afferents activate multiple spinal reflexes that modulate erection and micturition. Genital sensory information is transmitted to supraspinal centers important for sexual function. Conclusions There is expanding support for the critical role of genital afferent neurophysiology in the mechanisms of erectile function and micturition. Genital afferent stimulation is a safe and natural modality that can be harnessed to amplify autonomic and somatic activity within the penis, female genitalia, spinal cord, and higher centers via established neurological principles. Such physiological adaptive processes may be beneficial in improving sexual response, erectile function, and micturition in many disease states, including in men after radical pelvic surgery. Well-designed and -executed studies in each specific population are needed to authenticate such prospects.

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“…Since N1‐P2 complex and N1 ERPs have been associated with preconscious processing of incoming stimuli (Boddy, ), the current findings may suggest that the response to neutral (trauma‐unrelated) novel stimuli after trauma is characterized by hyperarousal at early stages of information processing, while later stage processing, which involves response categorization and working memory (P3; Luck, ), may remain intact. Previously, N1 and P2 alteration (in response to stress or threat) has been associated with alterations of the amygdala and PFC, leading to increased vigilance in threatening environments (Kuniecki, Coenen, & Kaiser, ; Pavlova & Vanetsian, ; Shackman, Maxwell, McMenamin, Grieschar, & Davison, ; Yoshimura, Kawamura, Masaoka, & Homma, ). This postulation is supported by previous research showing that stress amplifies early sensory processing of nonthreatening stimuli and increases the sensitivity (while decreasing the specificity) of amygdala reactivity (Shackman et al., ; van Marle, Hermans, Qin, & Fernandez, ).Thus, our findings may indicate an overresponsivity of the amygdala and medial PFC system, akin to a quickly activated alarm system that facilitates early processing of threatening stimuli (Armony, Corbo, Clément, & Brunet, ; Bryant et al., ; Rabellino et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early automatic hyperarousal in response to neutral novel auditory stimuli among trauma‐exposed individuals with and without PTSD: An ERP study

2018

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ERP studies have associated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with enhanced P3 amplitudes in response to trauma-related stimuli, along with reduced amplitudes in the context of neutral (trauma-unrelated) stimuli. Additionally, a bias toward trauma-related stimuli is also observed among trauma-exposed participants not meeting criteria for PTSD, suggesting that trauma exposure itself, and not only the severity of posttraumatic stress (PTS), is a critical factor in information processing changes. However, previous examination of the response of trauma-exposed (PTSD and non-PTSD) participants to novel, neutral stimuli has produced conflicting findings. The current study examined ERPs in response to a novelty oddball paradigm comprised of neutral distractor sounds. Participants were 16 individuals with PTSD, 21 trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD, and 12 nontraumatized controls. Detailed trauma histories and PTS symptoms were collected. A significant effect of group on early ERPs was observed, showing an increase in the N1-P2 complex peak amplitude among the PTSD group, relative to controls. Among the entire sample, significant positive correlations were observed between PTS symptom severity, as well as trauma history, and early N1-P2 complex peak amplitudes, in response to novel stimuli. Furthermore, trauma-exposed participants with no PTS symptoms exhibited larger N1 amplitudes compared to participants with no trauma history. No trauma-related alterations in later ERP components were observed. These results suggest that trauma exposure may lead to hyperarousal at early processing levels, even in response to neutral novel stimuli. The findings concur with the neurocircuitry model that associates PTSD with hyperresponsivity of the amygdala.

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Evoked Activity in the Hypothalamus and Amygdala of the Cat in Conditions of Food-Related Motivation and Emotional Tension

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Enhanced brain performance in mice following postnatal stress

Enhanced brain performance in mice following postnatal stress

The Role of Genital Nerve Afferents in the Physiology of the Sexual Response and Pelvic Floor Function

Early automatic hyperarousal in response to neutral novel auditory stimuli among trauma‐exposed individuals with and without PTSD: An ERP study

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