“…Physiological evidence indicates that selective attention (e.g., focusing on one tone while ignoring another tone) modulates the activity of the outer hair cells within the cochlea to facilitate processing of the target stimuli (de Boer & Thornton, 2007;Giard, Collet, Bouchet, & Pernier, 1994;Meric & Collet, 1992), although the generality of this phenomenon has been questioned (Michie, LePage, Solowij, Haller, & Terry, 1996). Similar attention-related changes of the ABR have also been shown (Althen, Grimm, & Escera, 2011;Hoormann, Falkenstein, & Hohnsbein, 1994;Galbraith & Arroyo, 1993;Bauer & Bayles, 1990), although some attempts have failed (Hirschhorn & Michie, 1990) and the effect appears to have a limited generality (Hoormann, Falkenstein, & Hohnsbein, 2000).…”