This chapter examines the connections between leadership strategies and enhanced student achievement at higher education institutions. As pressures grow around outcomes, affordability and inclusion, effective leadership has become key to accelerating reforms focused on student success, including increased retention, progression, degree completion and career readiness. Theories explored include transformational, distributed and culturally responsive models. Competencies for contemporary contexts cover cultural competence, change leadership, talent development and data literacy. Examples of successful initiatives promoted include predictive analytics, transition programs, pathway redesigns, early intervention systems and student-centric cultures. Vision, community-building, resource optimization and change management provide frameworks to facilitate progress despite complexity. Findings synthesize scholarship and practice into recommendations translating leadership capabilities to institutional environments enabling all students to thrive.