Evolução e determinantes da insegurança alimentar nos domicílios rurais e urbanos brasileiros no período 2004-2013.

Abstract

The present study aims to identify the determinants of food insecurity in Brazil, urban and rural areas, based on information from the National Survey by Household Sample, in 2004, 2009 and 2013. It was observed for both Brazil and rural and urban areas, increasing household food security, although food insecurity is still a problem in the country. Households in which the reference person is female, non-whites, younger, with lower level of education, lower income, without electricity, piped water or sewage and residing in the Northeast or North, have a greater chance of food insecurity. In addition, food insecurity in Brazil is higher in rural areas, however, when controlling for household characteristics, the chances of food insecurity are higher in the urban areas, which can be explained by access to land.

Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and its relation with food insecurity and income in a Brazilian population-based sample

“…The set of sociodemographic variables available and used in the analyses were: sex (male and female), years of education (≤ 8, ≥ 9 and ≤ 11, and ≥ 12), age group in years (< 20, 20-30, 31-45, 46-59, and > 60), region of the country (North, Northeast, Southeast, South, and Central-West), home area (urban or rural), self-declared ethnicity/skin color (white, black, brown, yellow, and indigenous), and nutritional status (low weight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity). Body mass index (BMI -kg/m 2 ) of the individuals was calculated according to the self-reported weight and height in the POF data collection, to classify it according to the categories of nutritional status among adolescents (< 20 years) -through the z-score -and adults (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45), and 46-59 years old), considering the cut-off points established by the World Health Organization (WHO) 17 , and those of Lipschitz among older adults (> 60 years) 18 .…”

“…Low income is described as one of the main determinants of food insecurity. However, the availability and price of food, with influences arising from the food system, as well as the cost of other essential basic needs at the local level, are also determinants for food insecurity, being factors that go beyond the income available to ensure full access to food 23,24,25,26,27,28,29 . In Brazil, programs geared to promoting food and nutrition security were effective in combating food insecurity and poverty 30 .…”

Adesão à dieta EAT-Lancet e sua relação com insegurança alimentar e renda em uma amostra de base populacional brasileira

“…A baixa renda é descrita como um dos principais motivos da insegurança alimentar; no entanto, a disponibilidade e preço dos alimentos, com influências advindas do sistema alimentar, bem como o custo com as demais necessidades básicas essenciais a nível local, são determinantes para a insegurança alimentar, sendo fatores que vão além da renda disponível para a garantia de acesso pleno à alimentação 23,24,25,26,27,28,29 . No Brasil, programas voltados à promoção de segurança alimentar e nutricional foram eficazes no combate à insegurança alimentar e pobreza 30 .…”