Evolución de las desigualdades sociales en la mortalidad general de la ciudad de Cádiz (1992–2007)

Rodríguez, Gabriel Jesús; Escolar-Pujolar, Antonio; Córdoba-Doña, Juan Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2014.02.003

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the majority of Spanish cities where inequalities in mortality have been studied it has been observed that they remain stable or decrease [21, 23, 24, 38, 39]. In this study, we corroborate the findings of those studies, as only in 1 city among men, we have seen that inequalities increased significantly.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in small areas of 33 Spanish cities

et al. 2016

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BackgroundIn Spain, several ecological studies have analyzed trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from all causes in urban areas over time. However, the results of these studies are quite heterogeneous finding, in general, that inequalities decreased, or remained stable. Therefore, the objectives of this study are: (1) to identify trends in geographical inequalities in all-cause mortality in the census tracts of 33 Spanish cities between the two periods 1996–1998 and 2005–2007; (2) to analyse trends in the relationship between these geographical inequalities and socioeconomic deprivation; and (3) to obtain an overall measure which summarises the relationship found in each one of the cities and to analyse its variation over time.MethodsEcological study of trends with 2 cross-sectional cuts, corresponding to two periods of analysis: 1996–1998 and 2005–2007. Units of analysis were census tracts of the 33 Spanish cities. A deprivation index calculated for each census tracts in all cities was included as a covariate. A Bayesian hierarchical model was used to estimate smoothed Standardized Mortality Ratios (sSMR) by each census tract and period. The geographical distribution of these sSMR was represented using maps of septiles. In addition, two different Bayesian hierarchical models were used to measure the association between all-cause mortality and the deprivation index in each city and period, and by sex: (1) including the association as a fixed effect for each city; (2) including the association as random effects. In both models the data spatial structure can be controlled within each city. The association in each city was measured using relative risks (RR) and their 95 % credible intervals (95 % CI).ResultsFor most cities and in both sexes, mortality rates decline over time. For women, the mortality and deprivation patterns are similar in the first period, while in the second they are different for most cities. For men, RRs remain stable over time in 29 cities, in 3 diminish and in 1 increase. For women, in 30 cities, a non-significant change over time in RR is observed. However, in 4 cities RR diminishes. In overall terms, inequalities decrease (with a probability of 0.9) in both men (RR = 1.13, 95 % CI = 1.12–1.15 in the 1st period; RR = 1.11, 95 % CI = 1.09–1.13 in the 2nd period) and women (RR = 1.07, 95 % CI = 1.05–1.08 in the 1st period; RR = 1.04, 95 % CI = 1.02–1.06 in the 2nd period).ConclusionsIn the future, it is important to conduct further trend studies, allowing to monitoring trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and to identify (among other things) temporal factors that may influence these inequalities.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3190-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in small areas of 33 Spanish cities

et al. 2016

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“…To determine the socioeconomic status of the observed cases, we used a deprivation index at the census tract level generated by [20], widely used in epidemiological studies in Andalusia [21,22]. Employing principal components analysis, a composite index is calculated based on the following variables: (i) Percentage of people with a low level of education; (ii) percentage of unemployed people; and (iii) percentage of unskilled workers.…”

Section: Socioeconomic Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Mortality and Deprivation in the Proximity of Polluting Industrial Facilities in an Industrial Region of Spain

Santos-Sánchez

Córdoba-Doña

García‐Pérez

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Residential proximity to industrial facilities that release pollutants is a source of exposure to a high number of toxics, many of them known or suspected carcinogens. The objective of the study was to analyze the association between lung, larynx, bladder, and kidney cancer mortality and deprivation in areas proximate to polluting industrial facilities in Cadiz, a highly industrialized province in Spain. An ecological study at census tract level was carried out to estimate the mortality rates associated with deprivation and proximity to polluting industrial facilities (1–5 km) using the Besag–York–Mollié model. The results show a negative social gradient for lung and larynx cancers in males and greater risk of lung cancer was observed in the least deprived areas in females. These associations were found regardless the distance to industrial facilities. Increasing excess risk (relative risk; 95% credibility interval) of lung cancer for males (1.09; 1.02–1.16 at 5 km vs 1.24; 1.08–1.41 at 1 km) and bladder cancer for males (1.11; 1.01–1.22 at 5 km vs 1.32; 1.08–1.60 at 1 km) and females (1.32; 1.04–1.69 at 4 km vs 1.91; 1.28–2.86 at 1 km) was found as proximity to polluting industrial facilities increased. For kidney cancer, high risks were observed near such facilities for both sexes. Knowing the possible influence of industrial pollution and social inequalities over cancer risk allows the definition of policies aimed at reducing the risk.

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Twenty years of socioeconomic inequalities in premature mortality in Barcelona: The influence of population and neighbourhood changes

et al. 2016

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Evolución de las desigualdades sociales en la mortalidad general de la ciudad de Cádiz (1992–2007)

Abstract: Despite a decreasing trend, social inequalities are a substantial component in the distribution of overall mortality in the city of Cadiz.

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in small areas of 33 Spanish cities

Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in small areas of 33 Spanish cities

Cancer Mortality and Deprivation in the Proximity of Polluting Industrial Facilities in an Industrial Region of Spain

Twenty years of socioeconomic inequalities in premature mortality in Barcelona: The influence of population and neighbourhood changes

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