Evolución y desafíos de la protección de datos personales en el contexto de la globalización

Abstract

The protection of personal data faces challenges in a context of globalization and accelerated digitization, where the international exchange of information exposes privacy risks. This study conducts a literature review to analyze the evolution of data protection regulations, focusing on the impact of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in various regions. Methods include identifying GDPR-inspired regulations adapted in countries such as Brazil and Japan, and analyzing conflicts between privacy and national security, where some jurisdictions prioritize surveillance. The findings show that, although the GDPR establishes a robust regulatory framework, its implementation faces limitations due to cultural, economic and political differences. In countries with lower regulatory capacity, such as in Latin America and Africa, insufficient resources hinder effective oversight. The study concludes that global harmonization of data protection regulations is a pending challenge, and highlights the need for a collaborative approach and robust infrastructure to enable effective data protection that is adaptable to regional contexts.