Evolution and biogeography of the flora of the Socotra archipelago (Yemen)

Banfield, Lisa; Damme, Kay Van; Miller, Anthony G.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511844270.009

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The Soqotra island of Yemen is represented by five species of Commiphora , namely Commiphora socotrana , Commiphora planifrons , Commiphora parvifolia , Commiphora ornifolia , and Commiphora kua [ 59 ]. In Yemeni traditional medicine, the powdered resin of Commiphora kua (“bisham”) is administered with warm milk or water for stomachache in young children [ 60 ].…”

Section: Aromatic Medicinal Plants From Yemenmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Yemeni Aromatic Medicinal Plants

2015

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Yemen is a small country located in the southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula. Yemen’s coastal lowlands, eastern plateau, and deserts give it a diverse topography, which along with climatic factors make it opulent in flora. Despite the introduction of Western medicinal system during the middle of the twentieth century, herbal medicine still plays an important role in Yemen. In this review, we present a survey of several aromatic plants used in traditional medicine in Yemen, their traditional uses, their volatile chemical compositions, and their biological activities.

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Section: Aromatic Medicinal Plants From Yemenmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Yemeni Aromatic Medicinal Plants

2015

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“…In consequence, plant taxa with ‘Tethyan disjunctions’, including Mediterranean–African–Asian disjunctions, are thought to be vicariant, that is, reflecting climate‐driven fragmentation of paleotropical laurel forests during the Late Tertiary (e.g. Axelrod, ; Banfield et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Understanding the formation of Mediterranean–African–Asian disjunctions: evidence for Miocene climate‐driven vicariance and recent long‐distance dispersal in the Tertiary relict Smilax aspera (Smilacaceae)

Chen

et al. 2014

New Phytologist

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SummaryTethyan plant disjunctions, including Mediterranean-African-Asian disjunctions, are thought to be vicariant, but their temporal origin and underlying causes remain largely unknown. To address this issue, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of Smilax aspera, a hypothesized component of the European Tertiary laurel forest flora.Thirty-eight populations and herbarium specimens representing 57 locations across the species range were sequenced at seven plastid regions and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region. Time-calibrated phylogenetic and phylogeographic inferences were used to trace ancestral areas and biogeographical events.The deep intraspecific split between Mediterranean and African-Asian lineages is attributable to range fragmentation of a southern Tethyan ancestor, as colder and more arid climates developed shortly after the mid-Miocene. In the Mediterranean, climate-induced vicariance has shaped regional population structure since the Late Miocene/Early Pliocene. At around the same time, East African and South Asian lineages split by vicariance, with one shared haplotype reflecting long-distance dispersal.Our results support the idea that geographic range formation and divergence of Tertiary relict species are more or less gradual (mostly vicariant) processes over long time spans, rather than point events in history. They also highlight the importance of the Mediterranean Basin as a centre of intraspecific divergence for Tertiary relict plants.

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“…In terms of ecological diversity, the Socotra Archipelago is clearly distinct from nearby continental areas in North Africa and Arabia and displays an outstanding diversity of habitat types and microclimates (see Van Damme 2009). Three clearly distinct geomorphological zones can be distinguished, more than eight vegetation types and 20 land cover classes have been identified (Král & Pavliš 2010; Banfield et al. 2011), and there is a marked temporal, spatial and altitudinal climatic variability (Scholte & De Geest 2010) (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and in situ diversification in Hemidactylus geckos of the Socotra Archipelago

et al. 2012

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The Socotra Archipelago is an ancient continental fragment of Gondwanan origin and one of the most isolated landforms on Earth and a biodiversity hot spot. Yet, the biogeography and evolutionary history of its endemic fauna still remain largely overlooked. We investigate the origin, tempo and mode of diversification in the Hemidactylus geckos of the Socotra Archipelago. Concatenated and multilocus species coalescent analyses of Hemidactylus from Arabia and North Africa indicate that the Hemidactylus from Socotra do not form a monophyletic group and branch as three independent and well‐supported clades instead. Both the chronogram inferred using the gene tree approach of BEAST and the age‐calibrated multilocus species tree obtained using *BEAST suggest that the origin of Hemidactylus from Socotra may have involved a first vicariance event that occurred in the Early Miocene, followed by two independent transoceanic dispersal events that occurred more recently, during the Pliocene. Within Socotra, we analysed patterns of genetic diversity, the phylogeography and the demographic history in all seven nonintroduced species of Hemidactylus. Results based on two mitochondrial and two nuclear loci from 144 individuals revealed complex patterns of within‐island diversification and high levels of intra‐species genetic divergence. The interplay of both historical and ecological factors seems to have a role in the speciation process of this group of geckos. Interestingly, the case of H. forbesii and H. oxyrhinus, which inhabit the island of Abd al Kuri with an area of 133 km2, may represent one of the most extreme cases of intra‐island speciation in reptiles ever reported.

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Evolution and biogeography of the flora of the Socotra archipelago (Yemen)

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

A Survey of Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Yemeni Aromatic Medicinal Plants

A Survey of Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Yemeni Aromatic Medicinal Plants

Understanding the formation of Mediterranean–African–Asian disjunctions: evidence for Miocene climate‐driven vicariance and recent long‐distance dispersal in the Tertiary relict Smilax aspera (Smilacaceae)

Origin and in situ diversification in Hemidactylus geckos of the Socotra Archipelago

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