Evolution and biology of supernumerary B chromosomes

Houben, Andreas; Banaei-Moghaddam, Ali Mohammad; Klemme, Sonja; Timmis, Jeremy N.

doi:10.1007/s00018-013-1437-7

Cited by 140 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Moreover, these microchromosomes can be lost or accumulated during their inheritance, as evidenced by the number of microchromosomes in some offspring being different from that of the maternal parents (Figure 4 and Figure S3). These microchromosomes are autonomously independent from the host genome, which makes the extra microchromosomes in males resemble supernumerary chromosomes (Camacho 2005;Martis et al 2012;Bauerly et al 2014;Houben et al 2014). Recently, the supernumerary chromosomes that are restricted to females in a Lake Victoria cichlid species, Lithochromis rubripinnis, have been revealed to have a functional effect on female determination (Yoshida et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extra Microchromosomes Play Male Determination Role in Polyploid Gibel Carp

Li¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

Genetics

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Sex is generally determined by sex chromosomes in vertebrates, and sex chromosomes exhibit the most rapidly-evolving traits. Sex chromosome evolution has been revealed previously in numerous cases, but the association between sex chromosome origin and the reproduction mode transition from unisexual to sexual reproduction remains unclear. Here, we have isolated a male-specific sequence via analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphism from polyploid gibel carp (Carassius gibelio), a species that not only has the ability to reproduce unisexually but also contains males in wild populations. Subsequently, we have found through FISH analysis that males have several extra microchromosomes with repetitive sequences and transposable elements when compared to females. Moreover, we produced sex-reversed physiological females with a male-specific marker by using estradiol hormone treatment, and two gynogenetic families were established from them. In addition, the male incidence rates of two gynogenetic families were revealed to be closely associated with the extra microchromosome number of the sex-reversed physiological females. These results suggest that the extra microchromosomes in males might resemble a common feature of sex chromosomes and might play a significant role in male determination during the evolutionary trajectory of the reproduction mode transition from unisexual to sexual reproduction in the polyploid fish.KEYWORDS microchromosome; sex determination; sex chromosome; polyploid; gibel carp; genetics of sex S EX is a common phenomenon in nature and also one of the most important topics in life sciences, especially in evolutionary biology and genetics (Graves 2008). Most vertebrates are gonochoristic and reproduce by sexual reproduction. Different sex-determination systems, such as male heterogametic XX/XY sex chromosomes and female heterogametic ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes, as well as their numerous variants, have been revealed (Bachtrog et al. 2014;Mei and Gui 2015). Along with the rapid development of genomics and molecular genetic techniques, labile sex-determination systems and rapid sex chromosome turnovers have been noticed in both animals and plants recently (Bachtrog et al. 2014;Chen et al. 2014;Cortez et al. 2014;Graves 2014;Wei and Barbash 2015). Although how neo-sex chromosomes evolved (Roberts et al. 2009;Cortez et al. 2014;Vicoso and Bachtrog 2015) and how unisexual and sexual reproduction modes transformed (Jokela et al. 2009;Zhang et al. 2015) have been revealed, the association between sex chromosome origin and reproduction mode transition from unisexual to sexual reproduction remains unclear in vertebrates.The gibel carp, Carassius gibelio, has a wide geographic distribution in the Eurasian continent (Hanfling et al. 2005;Li and Gui 2008;Gui and Zhou 2010;Jakovlic and Gui 2011;Jiang et al. 2013) and diverse gynogenetic strains have been identified using biological traits and genetic markers (Zhou et al. 2000a;Yang and Gui 2004;Guo and Gui 2008). As a hexaploid with .150 chromosomes (...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extra Microchromosomes Play Male Determination Role in Polyploid Gibel Carp

Li¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

Genetics

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“…The morphology of Bs in Cestrum is similar, but differences in composition and size of heterochromatin blocks suggest that they have been originated independently from each other (Fregonezi et al 2004). This hypothesis needs to be verified, since the variation in heterochromatin observed in the Bs may be also explained by their rapid evolution (Houben et al 2014), which make them subject of structural changes such as accumulation of repetitive DNAs (Lamb et al 2007;Klemme et al 2013). …”

Section: Physical Mapping Of Ribosomal Rna Genes In the Bsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal differentiation of Tribe Cestreae (Solanaceae) by analyses of 18-5.8-26S and 5S rDNA distribution

et al. 2014

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Tribe Cestreae is monophyletic with three genera: Cestrum, Sessea, and Vestia. Karyotypically, it is outstanding within Solanaceae by several features: (1) basic number x = 8, (2) large chromosome sizes, (3) complex heterochromatin patterns, (4) occurrence of B-chromosomes (Bs) in Cestrum with particular banding patterns and rDNA sites distribution, and (5) absence of Arabidopsis-type telomeres. Seventeen South American Cestreae species from the three genera were studied using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with ribosomal DNA regions (5S and 18-5.8-26S) as probes, with the aim of recognizing specific or group-specific chromosomal markers and analyzing karyotype diversity in a systematic and evolutionary context. The first chromosome number report for Cestrum euanthes, C. kunthii, C. lorentzianum, and C. tomentosum is included. Variation in number and distribution of rDNA loci was observed among the species, concerning both As and Bs chromosomes. Despite the constancy of the karyotype and numbers of rDNA loci, the mapping of 18-5.8-26S and 5S rDNA loci allowed to differentiate Cestreae genera and species groups within Cestrum, highlighting the importance of these markers as cytotaxonomic character in this tribe.

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“…Generally, it is assumed that Bs are derived from standard chromosomes, either from the same (intraspecific origin) or from a related species (interspecific hybrid origin). The available experimental data support both scenarios, suggesting that their formation differs between different species and B chromosome types [reviewed in Houben et al, 2014].…”

Section: Plantago Lagopusmentioning

confidence: 78%

<b><i>Plantago lagopus </i></b>B Chromosome Is Enriched in 5S rDNA-Derived Satellite DNA

Kumke

Macas²,

Fuchs³

et al. 2016

Cytogenet Genome Res

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B chromosomes are supernumerary dispensable parts of the karyotype which appear in some individuals of some populations in some species. Using advanced sequencing technology, we in silico characterized the high-copy DNA composition of Plantago lagopus with and without B chromosomes. The nuclear genome (2.46 pg/2C) was found to be relatively rich in repetitive sequences, with highly and moderately repeated elements making up 68% of the genome. Besides a centromere-specific marker, we identified a B-specific satellite and a repeat enriched in polymorphic A chromosome segments. The B-specific tandem repeat PLsatB originated from sequence amplification including 5S rDNA fragments.

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Evolution and biology of supernumerary B chromosomes

Cited by 140 publications

References 121 publications

Extra Microchromosomes Play Male Determination Role in Polyploid Gibel Carp

Extra Microchromosomes Play Male Determination Role in Polyploid Gibel Carp

Chromosomal differentiation of Tribe Cestreae (Solanaceae) by analyses of 18-5.8-26S and 5S rDNA distribution

<b><i>Plantago lagopus </i></b>B Chromosome Is Enriched in 5S rDNA-Derived Satellite DNA

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