Evolution and development of fruits of Erycina pusilla and other orchid species

Pramanik, Dewi; Becker, Annette; Roessner, Clemens; Rupp, Oliver; Bogarín, Diego; Pérez-Escobar, Oscar Alejandro; Dirks-Mulder, Anita; Droppert, Kevin; Kocyan, Alexander; Smets, Erik; Gravendeel, Barbara

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286846

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 145 publications

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“…Based on our phylogenetic reconstruction combined with dispersal features of fragrant Vanilla species (Figure 2), dehiscence appears to be more common and is likely to be the ancestral condition [65]. Recent evolutionary studies in other plant families suggest that indehiscent fruits evolved from dehiscent ancestors (e.g., Brassicaceae) [66][67][68].…”

Section: Vanilla Fruit Trait Diversitymentioning

confidence: 76%

Evolution of Seed Dispersal Modes in the Orchidaceae: Has the Vanilla Mystery Been Solved?

Karremans,

Watteyn,

Scaccabarozzi

et al. 2023

Horticulturae

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Orchid seeds are predominantly wind-dispersed, often developed within dry, dehiscent fruits that typically release millions of dust-like seeds into the air. Animal-mediated seed dispersal is a lesser-known phenomenon in the family and predominantly occurs in groups belonging to early-diverging lineages bearing indehiscent, fleshy fruits with hard, rounded, dark seeds. In this review, we explore the evolutionary trends of seed dispersal mechanisms in Orchidaceae, focusing on the pantropical genus Vanilla. Notably, certain Neotropical species of Vanilla produce vanillin-aromatic compounds synthesized naturally in their fruits, which plays a pivotal role in seed dispersal. Ectozoochory occurs in dry, dehiscent fruits, whose seeds are dispersed by (i) male euglossine bees collecting the fruit’s vanillin aromatic compounds and (ii) female stingless bees collecting the fruit’s mesocarp. Endozoochory occurs in (iii) highly nutritious, indehiscent fruits consumed by terrestrial mammals or (iv) fleshy, dehiscent fruits whose mesocarp is consumed by arboreal mammals. Wind dispersal appears to be a derived state in Orchidaceae and, given its predominance, a trait likely associated with enhanced speciation rates. Zoochory primarily occurs in groups derived from early-diverging lineages; occasional reversions suggest a link between dispersal mode and fruit and seed traits. Interestingly, fruit dehiscence and fleshiness in Vanilla lack phylogenetic signal despite their role in determining dispersal modes, suggesting potential environmental adaptability.

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Section: Vanilla Fruit Trait Diversitymentioning

confidence: 76%

Evolution of Seed Dispersal Modes in the Orchidaceae: Has the Vanilla Mystery Been Solved?

Karremans,

Watteyn,

Scaccabarozzi

et al. 2023

Horticulturae

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Orchid phylogenetics and evolution: history, current status and prospects

Freudenstein

2024

Annals of Botany

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Background Orchidaceae are one of the two largest families of angiosperms; they exhibit a host of changes -- morphological, ecological and molecular -- that make them excellent candidates for evolutionary study. Such studies are most effectively performed in a phylogenetic context, which provides direction to character change. Understanding of orchid relationships began in the pre-evolutionary classification systems of the 1800’s that were based solely on morphology, and now is largely based on genomic analysis. The resulting patterns have been used to update family classification and to test many evolutionary hypotheses in the family. Scope Recent analyses with dense sampling and large numbers of nuclear loci have yielded well-supported trees that have confirmed many longstanding hypotheses and overturned others. They are being used to understand evolutionary change and diversification in the family. These include dating the origination of the family, analysis of change in ecological habit (from terrestrial to epiphytic and back again in some cases), revealing significant plastid genome change in leafless holomycotrophs, studying biogeographic patterns in various parts of the world, and interpreting patterns of fungal associations with orchids. Conclusion Understanding of orchid relationships has progressed significantly in recent decades, especially since DNA sequence data have been available. These data have contributed to an increasingly refined classification of orchids and the pattern has facilitated many studies on character evolution and diversification in the family. Whole genome studies of the family are just beginning and promise to reveal fine-level details underlying structure and function in these plants, and, when set in a phylogenetic context, provide a much richer understanding of how the family has been so successful in diversification.

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Conservation of the dehiscence zone gene regulatory network in dicots and the role of the SEEDSTICK ortholog of California poppy (Eschscholzia californica) in fruit development

Lotz,

Rössner,

Ehlers

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Fruits, with their diverse shapes, colors, and flavors, represent a fascinating aspect of plant evolution and have played a significant role in human history and nutrition. Understanding the origins and evolutionary pathways of fruits offers valuable insights into plant diversity, ecological relationships, and the development of agricultural systems. Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae, core eudicot) and Eschscholzia californica (California poppy, Papaveraceae, sister group to core eudictos) both develop dry dehiscent fruit, with two valves separating explosively from the replum upon maturation. This led to the hypothesis, that homologous gene regulatory networks direct fruit development and dehiscence in both species. Results Comprehensive phylogeny reconstructions using recently available reference genomes show that genes essential for Arabidopsis dehiscence zone formation show lineages-specific genes, specific to Brassicaceae or core eudicots. Transcriptome analysis of valve and replum tissue of California poppy yielded the SEEDSTICK (STK) ortholog as candidate for dehiscence zone regulation. Expression analysis of STK orthologs from other dry dehiscing fruits shows their involvement in fruit development of several species. Functional analysis using Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) clarified the roles of EscaSTK: an evolutionary conserved role in seed filling and seed coat development, and a novel role in restricting cell divisions in the inner cell layer of the valve. Conclusion Our analysis shows that the gene regulatory network described in Arabidopsis is lacking to a large extent in other dicots, even if their fruits form a dehiscence zone at the valve margins. Orthologs of STK, known to be involved in ovule development and seed abscission in Arabidopsis, was recruited to a network regulating fruit wall proliferation in California poppy. There, EcSTK allows fruit maturation without premature capsule rupture.

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Evolution and development of fruits of Erycina pusilla and other orchid species

Cited by 3 publications

References 145 publications

Evolution of Seed Dispersal Modes in the Orchidaceae: Has the Vanilla Mystery Been Solved?

Evolution of Seed Dispersal Modes in the Orchidaceae: Has the Vanilla Mystery Been Solved?

Orchid phylogenetics and evolution: history, current status and prospects

Conservation of the dehiscence zone gene regulatory network in dicots and the role of the SEEDSTICK ortholog of California poppy (Eschscholzia californica) in fruit development

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