Evolution and Domestication of Rye

Schreiber, Mona; Özkan, Hakan; Komatsuda, Takao; Mascher, Martin

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83383-1_6

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The main question is how Rfp1 came from its origin in southwestern Asia to Spain and Portugal, and finally to South America, without touching the main areas of rye-growing in central and eastern Europe. The neolithization of the Iberian Peninsula is very similar to what we know from other neolithic settlements in Europe, accompanied by the classical "founder crop" package with einkorn, emmer, and barley as cereals, but not rye [40]. However, there are many clues from the centuries that followed that distinguish the peninsula's past from that of the rest of Europe.…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 55%

“…It was never found in German, French, or Italian populations, or in Russian populations [39]. This indicates that the Rfp1 gene was not transported on the routes that are usually discussed for rye migration during past decades [1,40]. The main question is how Rfp1 came from its origin in southwestern Asia to Spain and Portugal, and finally to South America, without touching the main areas of rye-growing in central and eastern Europe.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to whole-genome data analysis, the Iberian rye material clustered together with wild material or with domesticated or weedy rye accessions from the Levant, and it is clearly distinct from northern and central European samples [41]. Whether Phoenician traders (around 1100 BCE, before common era) or Moorish (~200 CE, common era) groups brought the grain into these countries has not been clear until now [40]. Obviously, the Rfp1 gene follows this pattern, showing the distinctive role of Iberia.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effective Pollen-Fertility Restoration Is the Basis of Hybrid Rye Production and Ergot Mitigation

Miedaner

Korzun

Wilde³

2022

Plants

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Hybrid rye breeding leads to considerably higher grain yield and a higher revenue to the farmer. The basis of hybrid seed production is the CMS-inducing Pampa (P) cytoplasm derived from an Argentinean landrace and restorer-to-fertility (Rf) genes. European sources show an oligogenic inheritance, with major and minor Rf genes, and mostly result in low-to-moderate pollen-fertility levels. This results in higher susceptibility to ergot (Claviceps purpurea) because rye pollen and ergot spores are in strong competition for the unfertilized stigma. Rf genes from non-adapted Iranian primitive rye and old Argentinean cultivars proved to be most effective. The major Rf gene in these sources was localized on chromosome 4RL, which is also a hotspot of restoration in other Triticeae. Marker-based introgression into elite rye materials led to a yield penalty and taller progenies. The Rfp1 gene of IRAN IX was fine-mapped, and two linked genes of equal effects were detected. Commercial hybrids with this gene showed a similar low ergot infection when compared with population cultivars. The task of the future is to co-adapt these exotic Rfp genes to European elite gene pools by genomic-assisted breeding.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effective Pollen-Fertility Restoration Is the Basis of Hybrid Rye Production and Ergot Mitigation

Miedaner

Korzun

Wilde³

2022

Plants

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“…In order to explore population structure in rye, we analyzed 916 S. cereale individuals belonging to 266 accessions of diverse geographic origin. Based on prior classification, 458 individuals were classified as domesticated rye (88 accessions), 292 (137 accessions) as feral with either non-brittle rachis (273) or with brittle rachis (19), 158 as weedy rye (65 accessions), and 8 as S. cereale × vavilovii hybrids (two accessions) ( Schreiber et al 2019 , 2021 ). Due to heterogeneity within accessions, 27 out of 266 contained individuals which were previously assigned to multiple classifications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, we detected weak but significant patterns of selection for the genomic interval harboring ScESA1 in domesticated rye. Rye is an outbreeding, wind-pollinating species, which shaped its domestication history ( Schreiber et al 2019 , 2021 ; Sun et al 2021 ). During the domestication of rye, and throughout its cultivation as landraces, and later as population cultivars, it might have been advantageous for farmers and breeders to have larger LR regions in order to develop more homogeneous populations for agricultural use.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombination Landscape Divergence Between Populations is Marked by Larger Low-Recombining Regions in Domesticated Rye

Schreiber

Gao

Koch

et al. 2022

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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The genomic landscape of recombination plays an essential role in evolution. Patterns of recombination are highly variable along chromosomes, between sexes, individuals, populations, and species. In many eukaryotes, recombination rates are elevated in sub-telomeric regions and drastically reduced near centromeres, resulting in large low-recombining (LR) regions. The processes of recombination are influenced by genetic factors, such as different alleles of genes involved in meiosis and chromatin structure, as well as external environmental stimuli like temperature and overall stress. In this work, we focused on the genomic landscapes of recombination in a collection of 916 rye (Secale cereale) individuals. By analysing population structure among individuals of different domestication status and geographic origin, we detected high levels of admixture, reflecting the reproductive biology of a self-incompatible, wind-pollinating grass species. We then analysed patterns of recombination in overlapping subpopulations, which revealed substantial variation in the physical size of LR regions, with a tendency for larger LR regions in domesticated subpopulations. Genome-wide association scans (GWAS) for LR region size revealed a major quantitative-trait-locus (QTL) at which, among 18 annotated genes, an ortholog of histone H4 acetyltransferase ESA1 was located. Rye individuals belonging to domesticated subpopulations showed increased synaptonemal complex length, but no difference in crossover frequency, indicating that only the recombination landscape is different. Furthermore, the genomic region harbouring rye ScESA1 showed moderate patterns of selection in domesticated subpopulations, suggesting that larger LR regions were indirectly selected for during domestication to achieve more homogeneous populations for agricultural use.

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Breeding cereal rye (Secale cereale) for quality traits

et al. 2023

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Cereal rye (Secale cereale) is a multi‐purpose crop, harvested for grain (for food, feed, and other products) as well as used as a forage or cover crop. The functionality of rye across these spheres is due to its abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and unique phytochemical composition. In this review, we focus on the current state and prospects of breeding rye for quality traits, where we define quality traits as grain, feed, or forage quality. Rye grain for human consumption has numerous healthful compounds, notably high dietary fiber content in grain and unique flavors that contribute to the signature properties of rye baked products and distilled spirits. As a forage, rye is useful in marginal environments and has high quality, including high crude protein, and is thus valuable for livestock production. While yield remains a major focus of breeding efforts, due to recent improvements in rye genomic and phenotypic resources, there are now opportunities for increased attention on breeding high‐quality ryes for multiple end uses. Through genetic improvement of quality traits, cereal rye has the potential to expand and serve multiple markets as a climate‐resilient crop.

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Evolution and Domestication of Rye

Cited by 8 publications

References 82 publications

Effective Pollen-Fertility Restoration Is the Basis of Hybrid Rye Production and Ergot Mitigation

Effective Pollen-Fertility Restoration Is the Basis of Hybrid Rye Production and Ergot Mitigation

Recombination Landscape Divergence Between Populations is Marked by Larger Low-Recombining Regions in Domesticated Rye

Breeding cereal rye (Secale cereale) for quality traits

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