Evolution and temporal constraints of a multiphase postglacial rock slope failure

Vick, Louise M.; Mikkelsen, Martin; Corner, Geoffrey D.; Kjellman, Sofia E.; Trønnes, Leif; Hormes, Anne; Allaart, Lis; Bergh, Steffen G.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.108069

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In Iceland, the occurrence of large landslides is attributed to ice retreat following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), either by the effect of glacial debuttressing or glacial rebound (e.g. Ballantyne, 2002;Coquin et al, 2015;Cossart et al, 2014;Fernández-Fernández et al, 2022;Saemundsson et al, 2022;Vick et al, 2021) or by pressurised water derived from glacial melting (Whalley et al, 1983). The ages available for large landslides in Iceland fit the paraglacial exhaustion model.…”

Section: Landslides In Icelandmentioning

confidence: 86%

Long-runout landslides with associated longitudinal ridges in Iceland as analogues of Martian landslide deposits

Magnarini,

Champagne,

Morino

et al. 2024

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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Abstract. Much work has been done to study the behaviour of long-runout landslides and their associated longitudinal ridges, yet the origin of the hypermobility of such landslides and the formation mechanism of longitudinal ridges are poorly understood. As terrestrial long-runout landslides emplaced on glaciers commonly exhibit longitudinal ridges, the presence of these landforms has been used to infer the presence of ice on Mars, where hundreds of well-preserved long-runout landslides with longitudinal ridges are found. However, the presence of the same landforms in regions where extensive glaciations did not occur, for instance, on the Moon and in the Atacama region on Earth, suggests that ice is not the only factor influencing the formation of long-runout landslides with longitudinal ridges. Iceland is a unique region for its high spatial density of well-preserved long-runout landslides with longitudinal ridges. Here, we compiled the first catalogue of Icelandic long-runout landslides with longitudinal ridges, and we compared them with Martian long-runout landslides with longitudinal ridges of similar length. Moreover, we present detailed morphological observations of the Dalvík landslide deposit, in the Tröllaskagi peninsula, Iceland, and compare them with morphological observations of Martian landslides. Our results show that Icelandic long-runout landslides share key features with Martian analogue deposits, including splitting of longitudinal ridges and development of associated en echelon features. Therefore, Icelandic long-runout landslides with longitudinal ridges represent good morphological analogues of Martian long-runout landslides. Moreover, Iceland offers an opportunity to investigate the occurrence of these landforms at a regional scale, as well as their link with deglaciation following the Last Glacial Maximum, which could also provide insights into Martian palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental conditions.

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Section: Landslides In Icelandmentioning

confidence: 86%

Long-runout landslides with associated longitudinal ridges in Iceland as analogues of Martian landslide deposits

Magnarini,

Champagne,

Morino

et al. 2024

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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“…Catastrophic failure of part or all of the landslide may be possible with or without total retreat of the glacier from the toe of the landslide (e.g., McColl et al., 2010). Alternatively, movement may persist for several hundreds or thousands of years prior to failure (e.g., Vick et al., 2022) or the landslide may be moving toward self‐stabilization (e.g., Goren & Aharonov, 2009). Our observations indicate that the evolution of the kinematic elements will continue with time and continued glacial retreat, and that their boundaries and the resultant implications for hazard assessments (e.g., volume of material entering the water in the event of catastrophic failure) may need to be reassessed in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kinematic elements form and are bound by landslide faults that develop in response to differential patterns and amounts of movement. Much previous work on mapping and discriminating landslide structures and kinematic elements has been performed for slow-moving earthflows (e.g., Fleming et al, 1999;Guerriero et al, 2014) and paraglacial landslides (e.g., Fey et al, 2017;Vick et al, 2020Vick et al, , 2022, and to define landslide dynamics during catastrophic failures (e.g., Coe et al, 2016;Collins & Reid, 2019). Until recently, documentation of landslide structures and kinematic elements and their evolution through time was rare in actively degrading cryospheric terrain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic Evolution of a Large Paraglacial Landslide in the Barry Arm Fjord of Alaska

Schaefer,

Coe,

Wikstrom Jones

et al. 2023

JGR Earth Surface

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Our warming climate is adversely affecting cryospheric landscapes via glacial retreat, permafrost degradation, and associated slope destabilization. In Prince William Sound, Alaska, the rapid retreat of Barry Glacier has destabilized the slopes flanking the glacier, resulting in numerous landslides. The largest of these landslides (∼500 Mm3 in volume) is more than 2 km wide and has the potential to generate a tsunami that could affect nearby recreationists, marine traffic, infrastructure, natural and cultural resources, and the community of Whittier, located 60 km from the landslide. Here, we combine landslide structural and kinematic element mapping with data acquired from bi‐yearly airborne lidar, multi‐week satellite‐based synthetic aperture radar (SAR), sub‐hourly ground‐based SAR, and seismic monitoring from 2020 to 2022 to characterize this landslide and examine its evolution. While some methods serve as a snapshot in time that is a culmination of events, others emphasize the ever‐evolving nature of the landslide and associated hazards. Four major kinematic elements define the overall structure of the landslide, which vary in deformation type and rate, from creep (5 mm per day over several months) to episodic movement (2 m in 30 days) and landslide‐wide to localized events. In some areas of the landslide, short‐term deformation deviates from structures formed by cumulative movement, implying structural and kinematic evolution associated with glacier retreat. These insights are important for assessing landslide hazards and hazard evolution for large, slow‐moving bedrock landslides in actively deglaciating environments.

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“…occurrence of mass-wasting decreases exponentially over time after deglaciation. In Iceland, the occurrence of large landslides is attributed to ice retreat following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), either by the effect of glacial debuttressing or glacial rebound (e.g., Ballantyne, 2002;Coquin et al, 2015;Cossart et al, 2014;Fernández-Fernández et al, 2022;130 Saemundsson et al, 2022;Vick et al, 2021) or by pressurised water derived from glacial melting (Whalley et al, 1983). The ages available for large landslides in Iceland fit the paraglacial exhaustion model.…”

Section: Martian Long Runout Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Long Runout Landslides with Associated Longitudinal Ridges in Iceland as Analogues of Martian Landforms

Magnarini,

Champagne,

Morino

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Much work has been done to study the behaviour of long runout landslides and their associated longitudinal ridges, yet the origin of the hypermobility of such landslides and the formation mechanism of longitudinal ridges are poorly understood. As terrestrial long runout landslides emplaced on glaciers commonly exhibit longitudinal ridges, the presence of these landforms has been used to infer the presence of ice on Mars, where hundreds of well-preserved long runout landslides with longitudinal ridges are found. However, the presence of the same landforms in regions where extensive glaciations did not occur, for instance, on the Moon and in the Atacama region on Earth, suggests that ice is not the only factor influencing the formation of long runout landslides with longitudinal ridges. Iceland is a unique region for its high spatial density of well-preserved hypermobile large landslides with longitudinal ridges. Here, we compiled the first catalogue of Icelandic long runout landslides with longitudinal ridges and we compared them with martian long runout landslides with longitudinal ridges of similar length. Moreover, we present detailed morphological observations of the Dalvík landslide deposit, in the Tröllaskagi peninsula, Iceland and compare them with morphological observations of martian landslides. Our results show that Icelandic long runout landslides share key features with martian analogue deposits, including splitting of longitudinal ridges and development of associated en-echelon features. Therefore, Icelandic long runout landslides with longitudinal ridges represent good analogues of martian landforms. Moreover, Iceland represents the ideal site to investigate these landforms at a regional scale and their link with ice retreat following the Late Glacial Maximum, which could also provide insights into martian paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental conditions.

show abstract

Evolution and temporal constraints of a multiphase postglacial rock slope failure

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Long-runout landslides with associated longitudinal ridges in Iceland as analogues of Martian landslide deposits

Long-runout landslides with associated longitudinal ridges in Iceland as analogues of Martian landslide deposits

Kinematic Evolution of a Large Paraglacial Landslide in the Barry Arm Fjord of Alaska

Long Runout Landslides with Associated Longitudinal Ridges in Iceland as Analogues of Martian Landforms

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