Evolution determines how global warming and pesticide exposure will shape predator–prey interactions with vector mosquitoes

Tran, Tam T.; Janssens, Lizanne; Dinh, Khuong Van; Beeck, Lin Op de; Stoks, Robby

doi:10.1111/eva.12390

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In both generations, both warming and chlorpyrifos exposure reduced survival and did so in a synergistic way. A higher mortality under the here applied mild warming has been observed in the study species (Ciota, Matacchiero, Kilpatrick, & Kramer, 2014;Tran et al, 2016). It confirms the previously reported pattern of local thermal adaptation given that 20°C corresponds to the mean summer temperature of the here used mosquito source population (Tran et al, 2016).…”

Section: Within-generation Effects Of Temperature and Pesticide Expsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…A higher mortality under the here applied mild warming has been observed in the study species (Ciota, Matacchiero, Kilpatrick, & Kramer, 2014;Tran et al, 2016). It confirms the previously reported pattern of local thermal adaptation given that 20°C corresponds to the mean summer temperature of the here used mosquito source population (Tran et al, 2016). The increased toxicity of chlorpyrifos under warming is expected (Noyes et al, 2009) due to the higher uptake and the accelerated biotransformation of this pesticide to more toxic o-analog metabolites at higher temperature (Buchwalter, Jenkins, & Curtis, 2003;Lydy et al, 1999), combined with a reduced condition of the mosquitoes under warming.…”

Section: Within-generation Effects Of Temperature and Pesticide Expmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…A laboratory culture of C. pipiens was started from a stock culture at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Germany. This stock culture was previously initiated from field collected egg rafts (see Tran, Janssens, Dinh, Op de Beeck, & Stoks, ; Appendix ). The mosquito culture was housed in a climate‐controlled room at 20°C with a photoperiod of 14:10‐hr light:dark and a humidity of 70 ± 10%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This stock culture was previously initiated from field collected egg rafts (see Tran, Janssens, Dinh, Op de Beeck, & Stoks, 2016; Appendix S1). The mosquito culture was housed in a climate-controlled room at 20°C with a photoperiod of 14:10-hr light:dark and a humidity of 70 ± 10%.…”

Section: Materials S and Me Thodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transgenerational interactions between pesticide exposure and warming in a vector mosquito

Tran

Janssens

Dinh

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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While transgenerational plasticity may buffer ectotherms to warming and pesticides separately, it remains unknown how combined exposure to warming and pesticides in the parental generation shapes the vulnerability to these stressors in the offspring. We studied the transgenerational effects of single and combined exposure to warming (4°C increase) and the pesticide chlorpyrifos on life‐history traits of the vector mosquito Culex pipiens. Parental exposure to a single stressor, either warming or the pesticide, had negative effects on the offspring: parental exposure to both warming and the pesticide resulted in an overall lower offspring survival, and a delayed offspring metamorphosis. Parental exposure to a single stressor did, however, not alter the vulnerability of the offspring to the same stressor in terms of survival. Parental pesticide exposure resulted in larger offspring when the offspring experienced the same stressor as the parents. Within both the parental and offspring generations, warming made the pesticide more toxic in terms of survival. Yet, this synergism disappeared in the offspring of parents exposed to both stressors simultaneously because in this condition, the pesticide was already more lethal at the lower temperature. Our results indicate that transgenerational effects will not increase the ability of this vector species to deal with pesticides in a warming world. Bifactorial transgenerational experiments are crucial to understand the combined impact of warming and pesticides across generations, hence to assess the efficacy of vector control in a warming world.

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Section: Within-generation Effects Of Temperature and Pesticide Expsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Within-generation Effects Of Temperature and Pesticide Expmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials S and Me Thodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Transgenerational interactions between pesticide exposure and warming in a vector mosquito

Tran

Janssens

Dinh

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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show abstract

“…In the context of altered predator-prey interactions, increased temperatures typically increase predation rates because of increased attack efficiencies and reduced handling times (Englund et al 2011), and both local evolution and immigration of low-latitude predators may further enhance this effect. For example, two recent studies using a space-fortime substitution approach provided experimental evidence that predation rates by damselfly larvae on water fleas (De Block et al 2013) and on mosquitoes (Tran et al 2016) would increase at high latitude under warming when predators show thermal evolution or warm-adapted low-latitude predators move poleward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic adaptation as a biological buffer against climate change: Potential and limitations

Meester¹,

Stoks²,

Brans³

2018

Integrative Zoology

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Climate change profoundly impacts ecosystems and their biota, resulting in range shifts, novel interactions, food web alterations, changed intensities of host—parasite interactions, and extinctions. An increasing number of studies have documented evolutionary changes in traits such as phenology and thermal tolerance. In this opinion paper, we argue that, while evolutionary responses have the potential to provide a buffer against extinctions or range shifts, a number of constraints and complexities blur this simple prediction. First, there are limits to evolutionary potential both in terms of genetic variation and demographic effects, and these limits differ strongly among taxa and populations. Second, there can be costs associated with genetic adaptation, such as a reduced evolutionary potential towards other (human‐induced) environmental stressors or direct fitness costs due to tradeoffs. Third, the differential capacity of taxa to genetically respond to climate change results in novel interactions because different organism groups respond to a different degree with local compared to regional (dispersal and range shift) responses. These complexities result in additional changes in the selection pressures on populations. We conclude that evolution can provide an initial buffer against climate change for some taxa and populations but does not guarantee their survival. It does not necessarily result in reduced extinction risks across the range of taxa in a region or continent. Yet, considering evolution is crucial, as it is likely to strongly change how biota will respond to climate change and will impact which taxa will be the winners or losers at the local, metacommunity and regional scales.

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Whether warming magnifies the toxicity of a pesticide is strongly dependent on the concentration and the null model

2019

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How global warming changes the toxicity of contaminants is a research priority at the intersection of global change biology and ecotoxicology. While many pesticides are more toxic at higher temperatures this is not always detected. We studied whether deviations from this general pattern can be explained by concentration-dependent interaction effects and by testing the interaction against the inappropriate null model. We exposed larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens to three concentrations of the pesticide chlorpyrifos (absence, low and high) in the absence and presence of 4°C warming. Both the low and high chlorpyrifos concentration were lethal and generated negative sublethal effects: activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and total fat content decreased, and oxidative damage to lipids increased, yet growth rate increased. Warming was slightly lethal, yet had positive sublethal effects: growth rate, total fat content and metabolic rate increased, and oxidative damage decreased. For four out of seven response variables the independent action model identified the expected synergistic interaction between chlorpyrifos and warming. Notably, for three variables (survival, AChE and fat content) this was strongly dependent on the chlorpyrifos concentration, and for two of these (AChE and fat content) not associated with a significant interaction in the general(ized) linear models. For survival and fat content, warming only potentiated chlorpyrifos (CPF) toxicity at the low CPF concentration, while the opposite was true for AChE. Our results highlight that taking into account concentration-dependence and appropriate null model testing is crucial to improve our understanding of the toxicity of contaminants in a warming world.

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Evolution determines how global warming and pesticide exposure will shape predator–prey interactions with vector mosquitoes

Cited by 30 publications

References 66 publications

Transgenerational interactions between pesticide exposure and warming in a vector mosquito

Transgenerational interactions between pesticide exposure and warming in a vector mosquito

Genetic adaptation as a biological buffer against climate change: Potential and limitations

Whether warming magnifies the toxicity of a pesticide is strongly dependent on the concentration and the null model

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