Evolution, development and functional role of horns in cattle

Davis, Edward B.; Brakora, Katherine A.; Stilson, Kelsey T.

doi:10.1017/cbo9781139568098.010

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The bovid horns are difficult to interpret. The available studies are old but are informative (Dürst 1926; Dove 1935) and summarized by Janis and Scott (1987) and by Davis et al (2014). Preliminary data suggest that the horn is a composite of a separate ossification externally (the os cornu), a massive frontal origin horn internally and a keratinous horn sheath cover.…”

Section: The Girraffoidea General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giraffoids From the Siwaliks of Pakistan

Solounias,

Ibáñez

2023

Preprint

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Although today they occur in Africa, during the Miocene Giraffoids were widespread in Eurasia. We describe the giraffoid faunas found in the Siwaliks of Pakistan. These faunas are extremely rich and provide with several new giraffoid taxa that are morphologically different to what taxa known before and give new insights in the taxa. Non-Siwalik localities that contribute key information are: Fort Ternan, Kalodirr, Tung Gur, Gebel Zelten, Gebel Hamrin and Bou Hanifia. (1) The Palaoemerycidae are distinct with ossicones and an occipital horn. The list of taxa includes five new palaeomerycids:Tauromeryx canteroinov. sp.,Charis gratianov. gen. sp. nov.,Fovea fossatanov. gen. sp. nov,Goniomeryx flynnigen. nov. sp. nov., andLateralia morganinov. gen. nov. sp. nov.; (2) new climacoceratids:Vittoria soriaegen nov. sp nov.Orangemeryx badgleyinov. sp. We also define two new ranks within the Climacoceridae family: the Climacocerinae and the Prolibytheriinae. (3) Preliminary systematics suggest that Giraffidae can be subdivided into two clades: the long and the short neck groups. The Siwaliks sample a total of twelve different giraffids:Progiraffa exigua, Giraffokeryxpunjabiensis,Ua pilbeami,Orea leptia,Injanatherium hazimi,Giraffa punjabiensis, Giraffa sivalensis,Decennatherium asiaticum,Bramatherium megacephalum,Bramatherium perminese,Bamiscus micros, andSivatherium giganteum.Palaeotragus germaniiandBohlinia tungurensisare new determinations. Progiraffinae and Bramatheriinae as new subfamilies. The subfamilies of Giraffidae seem to hold as isolated evolutionary silos. They are: Progiraffinae, Giraffokerycinae, Okapiinae, Bohlininae, Giraffinae, Palaeotraginae, Samotheriinae, Bramatheriinae and Sivatheriinae. It is hard to connect these subfamilies as they most appear around 15 Ma.

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Section: The Girraffoidea General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giraffoids From the Siwaliks of Pakistan

Solounias,

Ibáñez

2023

Preprint

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“…Interests in hunting and animal husbandry have propelled previous studies investigating the development, evolutionary and ecological histories, compositions, and functions of headgear in cervids (Akhtar et al, 2019;Banks & Newbrey, 1983;Caro et al, 2003;Landete-Castillejos et al, 2019;Rössner et al, 2021;Skedros et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2019), bovids (Davis, et al, 2014;Caro et al, 2003;Geist, 1966;Jarman, 1974;O'Gara & Matson, 1975;Wang et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2018), and giraffids (Badlangana et al, 2011;Churcher, 1990;Ganey et al, 1990;O'Brien et al, 2016;Spinage, 1968). In contrast, there is a paucity of literature on the headgear of antilocaprids, with currently available studies mostly restricted to keratin sheath growth (O'Gara, 1990;O'Gara & Matson, 1975) and macroscopic male headgear growth (Brown et al, 2006;Mitchell & Maher, 2006) in Antilocapra americana (A. americana) (Ord, 1815).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A foundational description of Antilocapra americana pronghorn core osteohistology

Slenker,

Woodward,

O'Brien

2024

The Anatomical Record

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Cranial bony projections (“headgear”) have diverse forms and functions, such as defense, species recognition, mate selection, and thermoregulation. Most commonly, they are associated with the artiodactyl infraorder, Pecora. All pecoran headgear—antlers, horns, ossicones, and pronghorns—are osseous protrusions of the frontal or parietal bone with an integumentary covering, although there is taxonomic, developmental, and compositional variation. However, compared with other pecorans, there is a dearth of literature addressing extant antilocaprids—Antilocapra americana. This study provides a foundational osteohistological description of A. americana pronghorn cores in order to start building a framework to better understand the complex interplay among microanatomy, development, behavior, environment, and phylogenetic history of pronghorn headgear. Osteohistological analysis of adult A. americana pronghorn cores reveal the inner medullary region is composed of trabecular bone. Based on similar studies in bovids, we propose that these trabeculae may function to reduce the effects of repeated loading incurred by intraspecific combat. The deep aspect of the outer region was found to be composed of compacted coarse cancellous bone and primary bone remodeled to dense Haversian bone, in both male and female specimens, respectively, and superficially composed of highly vascularized fibrolamellar bone. The presence of fibrolamellar bone may indicate that the bone is fast‐growing, and its presence at the periosteal surface suggests protracted growth of the pronghorn core beyond sexual maturity.

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“…Mammals are classified as 'bovid' if they have, at least in the adult male, two or rarely four unforked horns. These are composed of bone cores protruding from their skull after 'horn buds' which are covered by a permanent layer of keratin start growing in the skin and fuse with the skull (Davis et al, 2014). Bovids emerged some 18.5 Myr ago (Vrba and Schaller, 2000) or even slightly more recently (Bibi, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolutionary History of the African Buffalo: Is It Truly a Bovine?

Prins,

Jong,

Geraads

2023

Ecology and Management of the African Buffalo

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Evolution, development and functional role of horns in cattle

Cited by 4 publications

References 48 publications

Giraffoids From the Siwaliks of Pakistan

Giraffoids From the Siwaliks of Pakistan

A foundational description of Antilocapra americana pronghorn core osteohistology

The Evolutionary History of the African Buffalo: Is It Truly a Bovine?

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