Evolution of a submerged composite arc volcano: volcanology and geochemistry of the Normétal volcanic complex, Abitibi greenstone belt, Québec, Canada

Regional setting and characteristics of the Neoproterozoic Wadi Hamama Zn–Cu–Ag–Au prospect: evidence for an intra-oceanic island arc-hosted volcanogenic hydrothermal system

“…The absence of ultramafic mantle rocks, the gabbroic and the sheeted dikes complexes in the WH prospect along with the massive nature of the basalt flows rather than forming pillows preclude ophiolitic nature of the mafic rocks in the area. Thus, the WH prospect is considered similar to other bimodal-mafic districts hosting VMS deposits such as Noranda district (Kerr and Gibson 1993), Normétal district (Lafrance et al 2000) and the Flin Flon deposit (Syme and Bailes 1993). All these districts and the WH prospect have subordinate volcaniclastic-dominant lithofacies, which is characterized by the immature nature of the sediments.…”

Physical volcanology, stratigraphy, and lithogeochemistry of an archean volcanic arc :

“…It is envisaged that these breccia-sized (bombs) fragments were ballistically* propelled through the water column during an energetic fire fountaining eruption. Mueller et al (2000) envisaged steamenvelopment of the fragments, either self-generating (Kokelaar, 1986) or within a steam zone developed during continuous explosions (Moore, 1985), which could protect and permit ballistic emplacement in a subaqueous environment. The rounded/fluidal morphology of these fragments reflect their initial transport through water, but fragment orientation parallel to bedding (Figures 54 and 55B) suggests that these tuff breccias are not fall deposits, but have undergone some subsequent flow transport, albeit probably restricted to a proximal vent location (Kokelaar and Durant, 1983;Kokelaar, 1986;Simpson and McPhie, 2001).…”

“…Recent and ongoing work has focused on the kinetics involved with generating submarine eruptions (Cas and Wright, 1991;Stix, 1991;Mueller et al, 2000;White et al, 2003) and whether they are explosive and non-explosive in nature. This section examines two eruptive modes of fragmentation that are feasible underwater, as demonstrated through experimentation (Wohletz and McQueen, 1984;Zimanowski et al, 1997;Wohletz, 2002) and field observations (Wohletz, 1986;Mueller and White, 1992;Scott et al, 2002), and relating them to described deposits.…”

Géologie de la mine East-Sullivan, Abitibi-Est, Val-d'or, Québec /

“…D'autres exemples sont les gisements de Hackett River, Territoires du Nord-Ouest, Kidd Creek, Ontario (Franklin 1996), la mine Mobrun, Québec (Larocque et Hodgson 1993) et Normétal, Québec (Lafrance et al 2000).…”