Evolution of Al2O3 inclusions by cerium treatment in low carbon high manganese steel

Li, Hao; Yu, Yonghui; Ren, Xiang; Zhang, Shaohua; Wang, She-bin

doi:10.1016/s1006-706x(17)30135-8

Cited by 75 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is clear that cerium addition did not apparently reduce the oxygen and sulfur content further in RH refining, indicating an invalid role of cerium in improving steel cleanliness. This result is inconsistent with the effect of rare earth on deoxidizing and desulfurizing deeply, as reported by many researchers, [17,19] which may be due to a very low initial oxygen and sulfur contents. The reduction of calcium from 14 to 10 ppm can be explained by the removal of liquid calcium aluminum inclusion during RH refining.…”

Section: Steel Compositioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…The evolution process and modification mechanism of cerium on Al 2 O 3 and MgO•Al 2 O 3 have been reported. [17,18,23] The modification reaction with Al 2 O 3 and MgO•Al 2 O 3 inclusions by cerium could be assumed to unreacted core model, resulting in an unreacted core of these inclusions surrounded by an outer Ce-Al-O or Ce-O-S layer, as shown in Figure 6. [24] However, different from the solid Al 2 O 3 and MgO•Al 2 O 3 inclusions, CaO-Al 2 O 3 inclusions during RH refining stay in a liquid state in this study.…”

Section: Inclusions In Steel After Cerium Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modification of alumina and spinel inclusions by rare earth has been reported very much. Li et al [17] studied the evolution of Al 2 O 3 inclusions by cerium treatment in low-carbon high-Mn steel and found that the irregular Al 2 O 3 inclusions were replaced by smaller and dispersive spherical cerium oxysulfides. Wang et al [18] demonstrated that the characteristics of inclusion changed from MgO…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of Calcium Aluminate Inclusions by Cerium Treatment in Al‐Killed Steel during Ruhrstahl–Heraeus Refining Process

Geng

Shi

2020

steel research int.

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The effect of cerium addition during Ruhrstahl–Heraeus (RH) refining process on liquid calcium aluminum inclusion in Al‐killed steel is studied based on plant trials and thermodynamic calculation. Before cerium addition, liquid calcium aluminum inclusion surrounded by an outer CaS layer are observed. Cerium modified liquid calcium aluminum inclusion to CeAlO3 + CaS + CaO–Al2O3 complex inclusion. The modification process of liquid calcium aluminum inclusion by cerium is different from that of solid Al2O3 or MgO·Al2O3 inclusion and can be concluded as following. Cerium added into molten steel reacts first with liquid calcium aluminum inclusion in molten steel. Then the solid CeAlO3 and CaO, as reaction product, are surrounded by liquid calcium aluminum. At the same time, CaO reacts with dissolved sulfur, resulting in the generation of CaS inclusions.

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Section: Steel Compositioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Inclusions In Steel After Cerium Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of Calcium Aluminate Inclusions by Cerium Treatment in Al‐Killed Steel during Ruhrstahl–Heraeus Refining Process

Geng

Shi

2020

steel research int.

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“…Table 3 shows the chemical reactions and standard Gibbs free energy related to the addition of rare earth into the molten steel. 16) a…”

Section: Thermodynamic Calculation Of the Formation Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rare Earth Ce on the Morphology and Distribution of Al2O3 Inclusions in High Strength IF Steel Containing Phosphorus during Continuous Casting and Rolling Process

et al. 2021

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This paper analyzes the control of Al 2 O 3 inclusions in high strength IF steel containing phosphorus. The inclusion statistics and two-dimensional morphology of samples with slab thickness of 1/8, 1/2 and 7/8, and the samples with hot rolling, cold rolling and continuous annealing processes were observed and compared by ASPEX SEM. In addition, the three-dimensional morphology of the inclusions extracted from the electrolysis of slab samples and the original morphology of inclusions from the rolling process samples were observed and compared. The results show that: When rare earth Ce is added to the steel, the combination of Ce with activity O and S in the steel has lower Gibbs free energy, and it is easy to generate CeAlO 3 , Ce 2 O 2 S, Ce 2 O 3 , composite rare earth inclusions combined with other inclusions. The concentration and supersaturation of aluminum and oxygen are reduced, and the ability of single particle Al 2 O 3 to aggregate into large-scale cluster inclusions is reduced. The average size of Al 2 O 3 inclusions decreased from 5-7 μm to 2-5 μm in each thickness direction. The morphology of inclusions changed from long strip, sharp angle and cluster to spherical, spindle and round surface. Meanwhile, the number density of Al 2 O 3 inclusions increase, but the area density decreases during continuous casting and rolling process. The size of Al 2 O 3 inclusions in the steel without rare earth addition is mostly large-scale strip shape, and it is crushed during rolling,resulting quality defects on the exposed surface and causing the stamping crack problem. When rare earth is added to the steel, the inclusions in the steel change into small-sized circular inclusions with dispersion distribution. The modulus of elasticity is close to that of the steel matrix, which will not affect the continuity of the strip structure, and is beneficial to the relevant properties of the product.

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“…12 Do et al 13 calculated higher hole mobility in the polymer PBTTT than P3HT for TFTs due to a higher order of planarity, closer and more parallel stacking of the chains that facilitate inter and intra-molecular charge transport and theoretical works started focusing on the crystalline phase. 14,15 Despite the high volume of research on the more crystalline SCPs such as P3ATs, a study by Noriega et al in 2012 changed the dynamic of the field by stating that long-range ordering is not essential for high charge carrier mobility and only short-range stacking is efficient as long as there exist long chains connecting ordered domains. Experimental support has also been provided for this statement by showing the existence of ordered domains for a range of polymers varying from semicrystalline P3HT to intermediates such as PDPPBT and amorphous such as Rr-P3HT and DPP-based polymers using grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Structuring of Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Semiconducting Polymers Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Reisjalali¹,

Marmol²,

Troisi³

2020

Preprint

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High performing organic semiconducting polymers show great potentials for use in electronic devices which is greatly dependent on the material crystallinity and packing. A series of short oligomers of the diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based materials that have shown to have high charge mobility are studied to understand the local structuring at atomic level for these materials. The simulations show that the tendency for this material class to form aggregates is driven by the interaction between DPP fragments, but this is modulated by the other conjugated fragments of the materials which afect the rigidity of the polymer and the ability to form aggregates of larger size.

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Evolution of Al2O3 inclusions by cerium treatment in low carbon high manganese steel

Cited by 75 publications

References 14 publications

Evolution of Calcium Aluminate Inclusions by Cerium Treatment in Al‐Killed Steel during Ruhrstahl–Heraeus Refining Process

Evolution of Calcium Aluminate Inclusions by Cerium Treatment in Al‐Killed Steel during Ruhrstahl–Heraeus Refining Process

Effect of Rare Earth Ce on the Morphology and Distribution of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inclusions in High Strength IF Steel Containing Phosphorus during Continuous Casting and Rolling Process

Local Structuring of Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Semiconducting Polymers Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

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