Evolution of an Expanded Sex-Determining Locus in
            <i>Volvox</i>

Ferris, Patrick J.; Olson, Bradley J. S. C.; Hoff, Peter L. De; Douglass, Stephen M.; Casero, David; Prochnik, Simon; Shimin, Geng; Rai, Rhitu; Grimwood, Jane; Schmutz, Jeremy; Nishii, Ichiro; Hamaji, Takashi; Nozaki, Hisayoshi; Pellegrini, Matteo; Umen, James G.

doi:10.1126/science.1186222

Cited by 171 publications

(330 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…19.8 ). None of the fi ve " HIBOTAN " genes was identifi ed in the C. reinhardtii MT (Ferris et al 2010 ). Thus, the origins of femaleness and maleness are principally affected by the evolution of the MT or sex chromosome that has undergone remarkable expansion and gain of new male-and female-limited genes.…”

Section: Female-limited " Hibotan " Genes Resolved In the Volvox Cartmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our recent comparative study of MT from oogamous V. carteri , with MT from an isogamous species, C. reinhardti i, revealed major differences in the size and sexbased differentiation of MT genes (Ferris et al 2010 ). V. carteri MT was found to show a much higher degree of sex-based differentiation in its shared genes (those Nozaki et al 2006a andFerris et al 2010 ) with an allele in both mating haplotypes or sexes).…”

Section: Origin Of the Gender-based Divergence Of The Mating Locus Gementioning

confidence: 99%

“…V. carteri MT was found to show a much higher degree of sex-based differentiation in its shared genes (those Nozaki et al 2006a andFerris et al 2010 ) with an allele in both mating haplotypes or sexes). Shared genes that have become masculinized and feminized in sequence or expression, as occurred in V. carteri , are candidates for contributing to male-female sexual dimorphism.…”

Section: Origin Of the Gender-based Divergence Of The Mating Locus Gementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genomic data regarding MT or the sex chromosomal region of the anisogamous or oogamous members were needed. In 2010, we published a paper on the genome analyses of the MT of V. carteri that exhibits the production of eggs and sperm (Ferris et al 2010 ). This publication was based on co-research between the United States (USA) and Japan, which originally started in 2005 when Dr. Patrick Ferris came to Japan and became a guest researcher at the Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo.…”

Section: Female-limited " Hibotan " Genes Resolved In the Volvox Cartmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the origins of femaleness and maleness are principally affected by the evolution of the MT or sex chromosome that has undergone remarkable expansion and gain of new male-and female-limited genes. However, our study (Ferris et al 2010 ) was based on the comparison of only two evolutionary extremes, the isogamous unicellular Chlamydomonas and the oogamous multicellular Volvox (Fig. 19.5 ).…”

Section: Female-limited " Hibotan " Genes Resolved In the Volvox Cartmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin of Female/Male Gender as Deduced by the Mating-Type Loci of the Colonial Volvocalean Greens

Nozaki

2014

Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants

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Colonial Volvocales (green algae) are a model lineage for the study of the evolution of sexual reproduction because isogamy, anisogamy, and oogamy are recognized within the closely related group, and several mating type (sex)-specifi c genes were identifi ed in the closely related unicellular Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during the past century. In 2006, we fi rst identifi ed a sex-specifi c gene within the colonial Volvocales using the anisogamous colonial volvocalean alga Pleodorina starrii , namely, a male-specifi c gene called " OTOKOGI ," which is a homologue of the minus mating type-determining gene MID of the isogamous C. reinhardtii . Thus, it was speculated that the derived or minus mating type of C. reinhardtii is homologous to the male in the anisogamous/oogamous members of the colonial Volvocales. The discovery of the male-specifi c gene facilitated comparative studies of the mating-type locus ( MT ) (primitive sex chromosomal region) because it must be localized in MT . Recently, our international research group determined the genome sequence of MT in the oogamous Volvox carteri . V. carteri MT shows remarkable expansion and divergence relative to that from C. reinhardtii . Five new female-limited " HIBOTAN " genes and ten male-limited genes (including " OTOKOGI ") were identifi ed in V. carteri MT . These observations suggest that the origins of femaleness and maleness are principally affected by the evolution of MT , which has undergone a remarkable expansion and gain of new male-and femalelimited genes. Our recent results regarding the evolution of the volvocalean MT gene MAT3/RB are also discussed in relationship to the evolution of male-female sexual dimorphism.

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Section: Female-limited " Hibotan " Genes Resolved In the Volvox Cartmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Origin Of the Gender-based Divergence Of The Mating Locus Gementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Origin Of the Gender-based Divergence Of The Mating Locus Gementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Female-limited " Hibotan " Genes Resolved In the Volvox Cartmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Female-limited " Hibotan " Genes Resolved In the Volvox Cartmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Origin of Female/Male Gender as Deduced by the Mating-Type Loci of the Colonial Volvocalean Greens

Nozaki

2014

Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants

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Loss of Self‐Incompatibility by Mating‐Type Switching

Nieuwenhuis

2017

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of compatible gametes. In many organisms without sexes, compatibility is described by the genes located at the mating‐types locus, and mating is restricted to haploid individuals carrying different alleles at this locus. To assure mating when no partners are around, a variety of mechanisms evolved that render two clonally derived cells compatible with each other, known as homothallism. This occurs mostly by incorporation of the two mating‐type alleles into the same haploid genome; however, this comes at a cost. Mating‐type switching reduces these costs by suppressing one of the mating‐type alleles. Clonal compatibility is maintained by structurally modifying the gene content or mating‐type conformation that defines the mating‐type identity of the cell. The presumed evolutionary steps from a self‐incompatibility to switching require incorporation of both mating‐type genes, silencing of one type, evolving a switching mechanism and optimising this mechanism. Key Concepts Mating types define compatibility between haploid individuals and are generally described by a single locus. In most species, only two mating types exist that strongly reduce the availability of compatible mates. Incorporation of the genes of both mating types (the mating‐type cassettes) into the same haploid genome can lead to self‐compatibility but comes at a large cost. Under low densities, the benefit of self‐compatibility can overcome the cost of carrying both mating‐type cassettes. Selection for suppression of one of the cassettes can restore a mostly outcrossing (heterothallic) phenotype, while probably retaining occasional selfing. After the evolution of silencing, switching during asexual growth is an efficient way of locally generating compatible genotypes. Suppression by dominance of mating type is likely to lead to switching by disruption or deletion. Suppression is determined by the location of a locus and likely selects for evolution of positional switching.

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Should Y stay or should Y go: The evolution of non‐recombining sex chromosomes

Sun

Heitman

2012

BioEssays

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Gradual degradation seems inevitable for non-recombining sex chromosomes. This has been supported by the observation of degenerated non-recombining sex chromosomes in a variety of species. The human Y chromosome has also degenerated significantly during its evolution, and theories have been advanced that the Y chromosome could disappear within the next ~5 million years, if the degeneration rate it has experienced continues. However, recent studies suggest that this is unlikely. Conservative evolutionary forces such as strong purifying selection and intrachromosomal repair through gene conversion balance the degeneration tendency of the Y chromosome and maintain its integrity after an initial period of faster degeneration. We discuss the evidence both for and against the extinction of the Y chromosome. We also discuss potential insights gained on the evolution of sex-determining chromosomes by studying simpler sex-determining chromosomal regions of unicellular and multicellular microorganisms.

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Evolution of an Expanded Sex-Determining Locus in Volvox

Cited by 171 publications

References 30 publications

Origin of Female/Male Gender as Deduced by the Mating-Type Loci of the Colonial Volvocalean Greens

Origin of Female/Male Gender as Deduced by the Mating-Type Loci of the Colonial Volvocalean Greens

Loss of Self‐Incompatibility by Mating‐Type Switching

Should Y stay or should Y go: The evolution of non‐recombining sex chromosomes

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