Evolution of Animal Mitochondrial Dna: Relevance for Population Biology and Systematics

Moritz, Craig; Dowling, Thomas E.; Brown, Wesley M.

doi:10.1146/annurev.es.18.110187.001413

Cited by 1,294 publications

(437 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Sci. USA 91 (1994) mtDNA has become established as a powerful tool for making a variety of evolutionary inferences that are based either explicitly or implicitly on the assumption that it evolves according to a strictly neutral model (9)(10)(11). For example, mtDNA has been used for estimating gene flow (37), for estimating changes in population size (38), and as a molecular clock for dating events within and between species (39,40).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is one of the most widely used genetic markers in evolutionary studies and is traditionally assumed to evolve according to a strictly neutral model (9)(10)(11). Because mtDNA is transmitted essentially as a haploid locus, balancing selection through overdominance is impossible, although other types of balancing selection are theoretically possible (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nonneutral evolution at the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 gene in mice.

Nachman

Boyer

Aquadro

1994

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

139

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The neutral theory of molecular evolution asserts that while many mutations are deleterious and rapidly ellminated from populations, those that we observe as polymorphisms within populations are functionally equivalent to each other and thus neutral with respect to fitness. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is widely used as a genetic marker in evolutionary studies and is generally assumed to evolve according to a strictly neutral model of molecular evolution. One prediction of the neutral theory is that the ratio of replacement (nonsynonymous) to silent (synonymous) nucleotide substitutions will be the same within and between species. We To understand the genetic basis of evolutionary change, we must understand the extent to which selection governs the amount and distribution of genetic variation in natural populations. Considerable debate has centered on whether most naturally occurring genetic variants are strictly neutral (1), slightly deleterious (2), or advantageous (3). While these different views imply relatively small differences in selection coefficients, these differences can still have profound consequences for how molecular evolution occurs.The neutral theory, in its strictest form, asserts that while many mutations are strongly deleterious and therefore rapidly eliminated from populations, those that we observe within populations are equivalent with respect to fitness (1). The level of genetic variation within populations is determined by the neutral mutation rate and the effective population size. The amount of divergence between species is determined by the neutral mutation rate and the time since divergence. Under strict neutrality, the amount of variation within species is expected to be correlated with the rate of divergence between species for different genes or gene regions.A modification of the strictly neutral model, known as the nearly neutral or slightly deleterious model (2, 4), proposes that observed variants have a distribution of selective effects focused around neutrality. The extent to which these nearly neutral variants are affected by selection is a function of population size. Variants will behave as neutral if their effect on fitness is less than 1/2N in a diploid population of N individuals. Thus, in a large population, a larger fraction of nearly neutral mutations will be affected by selection. According to this model, the level of polymorphism within species and the rate ofdivergence between species depend on the population size.In addition to these two views, there are a variety ofmodels that describe how balancing selection can maintain variability within populations (e.g., ref. 5) and how directional selection can fix substitutions within populations (e.g., ref. 6).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonneutral evolution at the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 gene in mice.

Nachman

Boyer

Aquadro

1994

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

139

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“…The mitochondrion has some unique features, for example, maternal mode of inheritance, a high rate of evolution, and lack of recombination (Moritz et al, 1987). As a result, the mitochondrion is frequently used in comparative studies among closely related species and populations (Moritz et al, 1987). Molecular approaches, particularly those using mtDNA sequences, are often used for species delimitation (Knowlton, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic relationships of Pseudohynobius (Urodela, Hynobiidae) inferred from DNA barcoding analysis

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. As a proven tool, DNA barcoding can identify species rapidly and unambiguously. In this study, we used mtDNA cyt b, COI, and 16s rRNA sequences of six species of Pseudohynobius, Protohynobius puxiongensis, Liua shihi, Ranodon sibiricus, and Pachyhynobius shangchengensis, to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. Approximate lineage divergence times were also estimated, the divergence between them was calculated to have taken place mainly in Miocene. Our results showed that: 1) Ps. guizhouensis is an independent and valid species that is a sister species to Ps. kuankuoshuiensis; 2) five Pseudohynobius species formed a monophyletic group; 3) Ps. tsinpaensis is different from L. shihi, and should be classified as belonging to the Liua genus; and 4) Pr. puxiongensis is the sister lineage to all Pseudohynobius species, and should therefore be named Pseudohynobius puxiongensis.

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“…A sufficient degree of isolation may result in notable phenotypic and genetic differentiation among marine populations within a species, which may be recognizable as a basis for separation and management of distinct populations. Various methods have been proved to be powerful tools for studying stock structure, such as morphometric analysis, biochemical and molecular genetics techniques (Moritz et al, 1987;Weber et al, 1998;Tzeng and Yeh 1999 continuous characters describing aspects of body shape, have long been used to delineate stocks and continue to be used successfully (Villaluz and Maccrimmon 1988;Haddon and Willis 1995;Murta 2000;Silva 2003;Turan 2004;Turan et al, 2006). Variation in such characters was assumed to be entirely under genetic control (McQuinn 1997), but is now recognized to have both environmental and genetic components (Foote et al, 1989;Robinson and Wilson 1996;Cabral et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marzouk¹,

Chenuil²,

Blel³

et al. 2016

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Morphological studies of species with wide distribution range and high commercial value, such as the banded murex Hexaplex trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758), provide information on stock structure, which is the basis for understanding fish population dynamics and enable resource assessment for fisheries management. In the present study, we examined morphological variation among Atlantic and Mediterranean populations of H. trunculus using multivariate analysis. Our results supported the existence of four distinguishable stocks (Atlantic, Alboran, Western Mediterranean and Eastern Mediterranean), correctly classified 71.7% of specimens, and indicated significant degrees of variation in morphometric characteristics between regions. Examination of the contribution of each morphometric variable to the principal components and canonical functions indicated that differences among samples seemed to be associated with the shell and aperture length and width. Samples from the Atlantic Ocean and the Alboran Sea had the largest shell size and the greatest morphometric divergence. This strong morphometric differentiation appears to be associated with local environmental factors (exposure on the rocky shores, food availability and predation) and oceanographic current barriers.

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Evolution of Animal Mitochondrial Dna: Relevance for Population Biology and Systematics

Cited by 1,294 publications

References 135 publications

Nonneutral evolution at the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 gene in mice.

Nonneutral evolution at the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 gene in mice.

Phylogenetic relationships of Pseudohynobius (Urodela, Hynobiidae) inferred from DNA barcoding analysis

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