Evolution of arboreal tunnelling by larvae of<i>Aenetus</i>(Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)

Grehan, John R.

doi:10.1080/03014223.1987.10423019

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…virecens is a large moth whose larvae have been eaten as food. During part of the larval lifecycle, the insect forms a "7"-shaped burrow in the trunk of a host tree and spins a silk cover at the mouth of the burrow (Grehan, 1987b(Grehan, , 1987a. To harvest the larvae, water would be poured into the burrow causing the larvae to exit the tunnel (Best, 1902).…”

Section: Pūriri Moth -Aenetus Virescensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insects as Food in Aotearoa New Zealand

Birrell

2024

Preprint

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Edible insects have been proposed as a sustainable future protein source for a growing global population. Overseas, interest has seen investment in start-up companies specialising in producing insects for human consumption. Yet little is known of the edible insect species in Aotearoa New Zealand or whether New Zealanders are willing to consume insects. To address this, I investigated the current landscape of edible insects in Aotearoa. I created a catalogue of species with traditional and contemporary uses, the companies that are producing insect-based products and the social and legislative landscape they exist in. I then explored the social licence for insects as food, using a questionnaire to examine the perceptions and experiences of 620 participants, finding an openness to insects as food, influenced by prior experience, knowledge, and a low food neophobia score. However, this was tempered by sentiment analysis showing insect ingredients were viewed more negatively than other food ingredients suggesting an unconscious bias. The huhu beetle, Prionoplus reticularis, was widely listed by participants as an edible insect in Aotearoa, suggesting a potential candidate for future farming. However, surprisingly little is known about the biology of this well-known beetle. To address this, I used GCMS to explore the metabolomic profile of this species along a latitudinal gradient. I found that a random forest model trained on this data was able to predict the geographic location of a larvae with reasonable accuracy, providing a possible tool to detect the provenance of edible insects in the future. I investigated the beetles' scramble competition mating system, and, using static allometry and flight mills, I found evidence of the interplay of sexual selection and stabilising selection on traits associated with male fitness in this species. I also found evidence of sexual dimorphism in the species, indicating the importance of female chemical cues to male mate searching. Using scanning electron microscopy, I investigated the antennal ultrastructure of male and female P. reticularis, describing unique, sexually dimorphic sensilla in this species. This thesis serves as a starting point for the development of edible insects in Aotearoa.

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Section: Pūriri Moth -Aenetus Virescensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insects as Food in Aotearoa New Zealand

Birrell

2024

Preprint

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“…Wood boring beetles and moths can damage cultivated crops, particularly fruit and ornamental trees [ 1 ]. Among moths, species in the Cossidae, Hepialidae, Sesiidae and Xyloryctidae are widely recognized as having larvae that are wood boring pests on tree crops, where they feed upon both the vascular and/or structural tissues of the plant, e.g., [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. The trophic activity of these larvae can cause a reduction in structural stability of the host plant, and direct plant-stress, and may promote the establishment of phytopathogens that further damage plant growth or crop yield, e.g., [ 1 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Givira ethela (Neumoegen and Dyar, 1893) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), A Previously Unidentified Pest on Vitis vinifera (L.)

Scaccini

Ruzzier

Daane

2021

Insects

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Grape cultivation is a billion-dollar agricultural sector in California, where invasive or novel pest species can disrupt management practices. We report herein on a new pest associated with California vineyards, the carpentermoth Givira ethela (Neumoegen and Dyar, 1893). Rather than an invasive species, G. ethela appears to be a newly recognized wood-boring pest of Vitis vinifera (L.) in regions of California’s Central Valley, where its initial occurrence has been dated back to, at least, the beginning of the 2000s. The habitus of adult, genitalia and pupa is illustrated. Givira ethela distribution in California is updated including published records and new data. Carpentermoth galleries seem to facilitate the access of Planococcus ficus Signoret, 1875 to vine sap and protection from natural enemies, environmental stresses, and pesticide treatments. Notes on pest status, life history, monitoring practices, natural enemies, and management options on grapes are also discussed. Tools for the Integrated Pest Management of G. ethela should include the correct identification of the insect and its damage, a full understanding of its biology and ecology, the application of monitoring methods, and the identification of economic thresholds and injury levels.

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“…The insect infests the mangrove by tunnelling through the inner bark, cambium and conductive tissue; if the branch is completely girdled, the branch dies at above the damaged site [ 1 , 2 , 4 ]. Indeed, many species of Lepidoptera spend most of their larval development tunnelling and feeding in the stems and branches of trees and shrubs [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. Partial girdling reduces tree growth and vigour above the site of attack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical response of Sonneratia alba Sm. branches infested by a wood boring moth (Gazi Bay, Kenya)

et al. 2021

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Infestation by a moth woodborer species is causing mortality of Sonneratia alba Sm. mangrove by tunneling through the inner bark, cambium and conductive tissue. Infestation leads to death of some infested branches, whereas in other cases infested branches have been observed to recover from infestation. We have used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate the differences in macromolecule (polysaccharide and lignin) content present in branches that died (D) of the infestation, those that recovered (R) from the infestation and control branches (C) that were not subject to any infestation. Wood samples were taken from four sampling plots (A, B, C and D) in Gazi Bay (Kenya). From each of the four plots, 15 S. alba branches were taken from five trees, from which 1 cm thick discs were cut from each of these branches to be used as samples. To identify the most characteristic FTIR bands for the three groups of samples, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied on the transposed data matrix. Furthermore, canonical discriminant analysis was applied on the data considering the main FTIR band that would be identified through the PCA factors. Finally, One-way ANOVA and post hoc test were used to verify the significance of the observed trends. Branches that recovered from infestation had higher relative abundance of lignified cells. We conclude that insect-infested S. alba undergo changes related to the lignocellulosic contents. The infestation induces a decrease of the proportion of the polysaccharide content and an increase of the proportion of the lignin contents.

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Evolution of arboreal tunnelling by larvae ofAenetus(Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Insects as Food in Aotearoa New Zealand

Insects as Food in Aotearoa New Zealand

Givira ethela (Neumoegen and Dyar, 1893) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), A Previously Unidentified Pest on Vitis vinifera (L.)

Biochemical response of Sonneratia alba Sm. branches infested by a wood boring moth (Gazi Bay, Kenya)

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