Evolution of blast wave profiles in simulated air blasts: experiment and computational modeling

Chandra, Namas; Ganpule, Shailesh; Kleinschmit, N. N.; Feng, Renjie; Holmberg, Aaron; Sundaramurthy, Aravind; Selvan, Veera; Alai, Aaron

doi:10.1007/s00193-012-0399-2

Cited by 99 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In such a range, the peak overpressure is in the range of 60 kPa to 400 kPa, time duration of 2 to 8 msec, and impulse of 70 to 400 kPa/msec. 5 In this article, we are concerned only with the primary blasts when the head and its contents (along with the entire body) is subjected to primary blast loadings. The loading modes and mechanisms of injury are well documented for blunt (tertiary) and ballistic (secondary) impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat Injury Model under Controlled Field-Relevant Primary Blast Conditions: Acute Response to a Wide Range of Peak Overpressures

Skotak

Wang

Alai

et al. 2013

Journal of Neurotrauma

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We evaluated the acute (up to 24 h) pathophysiological response to primary blast using a rat model and helium driven shock tube. The shock tube generates animal loadings with controlled pure primary blast parameters over a wide range and field-relevant conditions. We studied the biomechanical loading with a set of pressure gauges mounted on the surface of the nose, in the cranial space, and in the thoracic cavity of cadaver rats. Anesthetized rats were exposed to a single blast at precisely controlled five peak overpressures over a wide range (130, 190, 230, 250, and 290 kPa). We observed 0% mortality rates in 130 and 230 kPa groups, and 30%, 24%, and 100% mortality rates in 190, 250, and 290 kPa groups, respectively. The body weight loss was statistically significant in 190 and 250 kPa groups 24 h after exposure. The data analysis showed the magnitude of peak-to-peak amplitude of intracranial pressure (ICP) fluctuations correlates well with mortality rates. The ICP oscillations recorded for 190, 250, and 290 kPa are characterized by higher frequency (10-20 kHz) than in other two groups (7-8 kHz). We noted acute bradycardia and lung hemorrhage in all groups of rats subjected to the blast. We established the onset of both corresponds to 110 kPa peak overpressure. The immunostaining against immunoglobulin G (IgG) of brain sections of rats sacrificed 24-h post-exposure indicated the diffuse blood-brain barrier breakdown in the brain parenchyma. At high blast intensities (peak overpressure of 190 kPa or more), the IgG uptake by neurons was evident, but there was no evidence of neurodegeneration after 24 h post-exposure, as indicated by cupric silver staining. We observed that the acute response as well as mortality is a non-linear function over the peak overpressure and impulse ranges explored in this work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat Injury Model under Controlled Field-Relevant Primary Blast Conditions: Acute Response to a Wide Range of Peak Overpressures

Skotak

Wang

Alai

et al. 2013

Journal of Neurotrauma

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“…Recently, the awareness of conventional shock tube limitations has grown [37,46]. In addition, an increase in the use of advanced blast simulators (ABS), a shock tube with expanding cross section assembled with an end-wave eliminator, has been observed [43,[47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Reproducing Blast Exposure In a Laboratory Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the prospective contributions of the shock physics community to outstanding issues concerning blast-induced traumatic brain injury

Ouellet

Petel

2017

Shock Waves

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“…The ideal overpressure wave resulting from an air blast in an open environment is described as a Friedlander waveform [2,3,10]. This waveform ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, those tubes used to reproduce BOP waves for the study of biological damage are usually designated as biological shock tubes (BSTs) [12], which include compression-driven and blast-driven designs. Compressiondriven shock tubes [2,8,[10][11][12][13]16] avoid the safety concerns related to the storage and handling of high explosives and reduce the cost of test facilities to maintain, but they often fail to accurately represent the Friedlander waveform of freefield blast waves [5,6]. Blast-driven shock tubes [14,15,17] Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation of the effects of shock tube geometry on the propagation of an ideal blast wave profile

Jiang

2017

Shock Waves

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Bio-shock tubes (BSTs) can approximately simulate the typical blast waves produced by nuclear or chemical charge explosions for use in biological damage studies. The profile of an ideal blast wave in air is characterized by the overpressure, the negative pressure, and the positive pressure duration, which are determined by the geometric configurations of BSTs. Numerical experiments are carried out using the Eulerian equations by the dispersion-controlled dissipative scheme to investigate the effect of different structural components on ideal blast waveforms. The results show that cylindrical and conical frustum driver sections with an appropriate length can produce typical blast wave profiles, but a flattened peak pressure may appear when using a tube of a longer length. Neither a double-expansion tube nor a shrinkage tube set in BSTs is practical for the production of an ideal blast waveform. In addition, negative pressure recovery will occur, exceeding the ambient pressure with an increase in pressure in the vacuum section.

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Evolution of blast wave profiles in simulated air blasts: experiment and computational modeling

Cited by 99 publications

References 24 publications

Rat Injury Model under Controlled Field-Relevant Primary Blast Conditions: Acute Response to a Wide Range of Peak Overpressures

Rat Injury Model under Controlled Field-Relevant Primary Blast Conditions: Acute Response to a Wide Range of Peak Overpressures

On the prospective contributions of the shock physics community to outstanding issues concerning blast-induced traumatic brain injury

Numerical investigation of the effects of shock tube geometry on the propagation of an ideal blast wave profile

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