Evolution of carbide morphology and composition in Cr–Mo–V steel after service exposure

Dong, Ji Ling; He, Yin Sheng; Song, Gyu-So; Jung, Jinesung; Shin, Kee Sam

doi:10.1179/175355511x13240279340048

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…14(b) and 14(c) could be mainly MX carbides such as M 23 C 6 , M 7 C 3 , M 2 C, etc. [12,[17][18]. The material itself has a high fraction of Cr and Mo with little Ti, and it is well known that those alloying elements have a high chance of forming carbides by the depletion from the matrix [17][18].…”

Section: Tensile Shear Test and Fractography Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12,[17][18]. The material itself has a high fraction of Cr and Mo with little Ti, and it is well known that those alloying elements have a high chance of forming carbides by the depletion from the matrix [17][18]. These precipitates could act as unexpected crack nucleation sites and induce the dimpled transgranular fracture as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Tensile Shear Test and Fractography Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that the higher the heat input, the higher the cooling rate of the weld [12]. In addition, the depletion of alloying elements from the matrix and formation of precipitates is dominated by the time and temperature [17][18]23]. Thus, it is reasonable to consider…”

Section: Tensile Shear Test and Fractography Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Shielding Gases on the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturability of 5 Cr – 4 Mo Tool Steel for Die Casting Mold Making

Kim¹,

Cheon²,

Kim³

et al. 2020

Korean J. Met. Mater.

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Generally, molds are fabricated by the machining of massive billets of tool steels, such as AISI4140 or H13, but it has drawbacks, such as a large material loss and long-delivery time. The Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process could be an alternative fabrication method. It has the advantages of less material loss, short-delivery time, and the chance to make a reinforced mold using dissimilar materials. 5 Cr – 4 Mo steel wire has high potential to produce molds via the WAAM process. This is a commercial tool steel solid wire initially designed for the repair and modification of tools and molds that has superior hot wear resistance and toughness. However, no study has examined the WAAM of tool steels, even though it has high potential and advantages. Shielding gas has a significant effect on the performance of the WAAM process, which is based on gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Argon (an inert gas) and carbon dioxide (a reactive gas) are generally used for the GMAW of steel alloys, and they are frequently used as mixed gases at various ratios. Shielding gases have a significant influence on the arc stability, weld quality, and formation of weld defects. Therefore, using a proper shielding gas for the material and process is important to sound WAAM performance. This paper discusses the effect of the shielding gas on the additive manufacturability of tool steel, as a first step for the WAAM of die casting molds. The experiments were conducted with two different shielding gases, M21 (Ar + 18% CO2) and C1 (100% CO2). The use of C1 showed neither surface contamination nor internal defects, and resulted in a larger amount of deposition than the M21.

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Section: Tensile Shear Test and Fractography Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tensile Shear Test and Fractography Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Shielding Gases on the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturability of 5 Cr – 4 Mo Tool Steel for Die Casting Mold Making

Kim¹,

Cheon²,

Kim³

et al. 2020

Korean J. Met. Mater.

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“…in conditions where creep is the main or significant destruction process that determines changes in the material during operation, include components of the pressure part of the boiler and turbine, which include rotor shafts. It is also important to determine the type of carbides and their impact on the performance properties of rotor steels [11][12][13]. The paper covers the issues of assessing the suitability of the rotor material for operation after exceeding the design operating time, assessing their microstructural state and the set of functional properties corresponding to this structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Service Life of Steam Turbine Rotor Material Made of Low-Alloy Cr-Mo-V Steels after Long-Term Use outside the Design Operating Time of Power Unit

Furmanek,

Dobrzański

2023

New Advances in Steel Engineering

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The purpose of the study was to assess the state and degree of exhaustion of turbine rotor materials made of low-alloy Cr-Mo-V steels after long-term operation. The tests were carried out for selected structure states defined on the basis of images of the structure observed using a scanning electron microscope, and the degree of development of precipitation processes based on the X-ray analysis of the phase composition of electrolytically isolated carbide deposits. For materials with such defined structure states and degree of development of precipitation processes, the following were determined: mechanical properties at room and elevated temperatures, residual life and available residual life on the basis of short-term creep tests, and creep rate from creep curves for temperature and stress parameters corresponding to operational parameters. Based on the results of short-term creep tests conducted at a temperature higher than the operational temperature and with a stress corresponding to the operational life, residual and available residual life were determined and the degree of exhaustion was estimated.

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Microstructure-Based Creep Life Assessment of 1CrMoV Turbine Rotor Steels After Long-Term Service

Nyembe,

van der Meer,

Knutsen

et al. 2024

J Fail. Anal. and Preven.

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This study evaluates the use of quantitative analytical electron microscopy for microstructure-based creep life assessment of service-exposed 1CrMoV steel turbine rotors. Changes in the microstructure (bainitic laths, carbide phases) were related to creep life exhaustion estimations done using conventional methods based on cavities and hardness. The volume-weighted average size and surface density of bainitic laths correlate with cavity-based estimated creep life exhaustion. However, the heterogeneity of grain structure limits the use of bainitic lath parameters for assessing creep life based on microstructure. The phase proportions of M3C, M2C, and M7C3 carbides, as determined by TKD-EDS mapping, show a strong correlation (R2: 0.64, 0.61, and 0.86) with creep life exhaustion estimations and could potentially be used as an additional indicator of the material state of the critical failure region in 1CrMoV turbine rotors.

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Evolution of carbide morphology and composition in Cr–Mo–V steel after service exposure

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of Shielding Gases on the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturability of 5 Cr – 4 Mo Tool Steel for Die Casting Mold Making

Effect of Shielding Gases on the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturability of 5 Cr – 4 Mo Tool Steel for Die Casting Mold Making

Service Life of Steam Turbine Rotor Material Made of Low-Alloy Cr-Mo-V Steels after Long-Term Use outside the Design Operating Time of Power Unit

Microstructure-Based Creep Life Assessment of 1CrMoV Turbine Rotor Steels After Long-Term Service

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