Evolution of carbon structure in chemically activated wood

Solum, Mark S.; Pugmire, Ronald J.; Jagtoyen, M.; Derbyshire, F.J.

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(95)00067-n

Cited by 293 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The intensity of the bands at 1080 to 1180 cm -1 in the H3PO4-treated carbon was stronger than that in the steam treated carbon and the non-treated carbon. The absorption in this region is usually found in oxidized carbons (Zawadzki 1989;Vinke et al 1994) and carbons treated with phosphoric acid (Laine and Calafat 1991;Jagoyen et al 1992;Vinke et al 1994;Solum et al 1995;MacDonald and Quinn 1996). Broad bands at 1300 to 1000 cm -1 have been assigned to C-O stretching in acids, alcohols, phenols, ethers, and esters (Bellamy 1954).…”

Section: Growth Of Graphitic Microcrystals In H3po4-treated Carbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Broad bands at 1300 to 1000 cm -1 have been assigned to C-O stretching in acids, alcohols, phenols, ethers, and esters (Bellamy 1954). The absorption in this region is also characteristic for phosphorus and phosphocarbonaceous compounds (Bellamy 1954;Jagoyen et al 1992;Socrates 1994;Solum et al 1995).…”

Section: Growth Of Graphitic Microcrystals In H3po4-treated Carbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promotion of Crystal Growth on Biomass-based Carbon using Phosphoric Acid Treatments

Yu¹,

Tatsumi²,

Zuo³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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The effect of phosphoric acid treatments on graphitic microcrystal growth of biomass-based carbons was investigated using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Although biomassbased carbons are believed to be hard to graphitize even after heat treatments well beyond 2000 °C, we found that graphitic microcrystals of biomass-based carbons were significantly promoted by phosphoric acid treatments above 800 °C. Moreover, twisted spindle-like whiskers were formed on the surface of the carbons. This suggests that phosphoruscontaining groups turn graphitic microcrystalline domains into graphite during phosphoric acid treatments. In addition, the porous texture of the phosphoric acid-treated carbon has the advantage of micropore development.

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Section: Growth Of Graphitic Microcrystals In H3po4-treated Carbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Growth Of Graphitic Microcrystals In H3po4-treated Carbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promotion of Crystal Growth on Biomass-based Carbon using Phosphoric Acid Treatments

Yu¹,

Tatsumi²,

Zuo³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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“…The importance of the surface chemistry of the studied sorbents should not be ignored. In this work, infrared spectroscopy was used to obtain information about the chemical structure and functional groups of the prepared silica and the commercial activated charcoal (Comez-Serrano et al 1996;Pastor-Villegas et al 1993;Vink et al 1994;Solum et al 1995). The FTIR spectra of silica prepared from rice straw and the activated charcoal are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Characterization Of Sorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using silica derived from rice straw: comparison with activated charcoal

Sharaf

Hassan

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The batch removal of copper(II) ions from aqueous solution under different experimental conditions using alkali-leached silica and activated charcoal was investigated in this study. The copper(II) uptake was dependent on varying time, pH, copper concentration and temperature. Copper sorption was found fast reaching equilibrium within 1 h with better performance for alkalileached silica than charcoal. Copper sorption was low at low pH values and increased with rise in initial pH-value until 6.7. Sorption fits well the Langmuir and Freundlich equations with higher uptake by increasing temperature. According to Langmuir equation, the maximum uptake of Cu(II) ions by alkali-leached SiO 2 and charcoal was found to be 242.5 and 94.4 mmol/g at temperature 60°C and pH 6. Thermodynamic studies confirm that the process was spontaneous and endothermic nature. Kinetic data for Cu(II) sorption was found to follow pseudo-second-order model.

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“…Materiais lignocelulósicos são formados por macromoléculas orgânicas complexas constituídas muitas vezes de pectinas, ligninas, hemicelulose e celuloses as quais podem estar ligadas ou não entre si. Esses materiais quando ativados quimicamente podem ser convertidos em carvões ativados altamente porosos pelo fato de sofrerem hidrólise, desidratação e condensação, e ainda, por reações de ligação cruzada entre o agente ativante e os biopolímeros que compõem esses materiais [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estudo da produção de carvão ativado a partir do resíduo de casca da acácia negra com e sem ativação química

Linhares¹,

Marcílio²,

Melo³

2016

SCI. CUM IND

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ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a viabilidade do uso de resíduo da casca de acácia negra (RCAN) gerado na extração do tanino, para a produção de carvão ativado. No sul do Brasil cerca de 250 toneladas/dia de cascas são geradas pelo setor industrial e uma grande parte deste material é destinada à compostagem ou disposta em aterros. Visando aproveitar este resíduo foram realizados experimentos de pirólise e ativação com H 3 PO 4 , em atmosfera controlada. Os constituintes do RCAN foram avaliados por análise elementar e a caracterização dos carvões obtidos foi realizada por análises termogravimétricas (TGA), a área superficial e volume de poros (métodos BET e BJH), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS). A análise elementar do RCAN indicou um teor de carbono de 51,4 % e a área superficial foi de aproximadamente 906 m²/g para o carvão ativado com H 3 PO 4 , valor este superior à área superficial do carvão ativado comercial (CAC). Nas imagens de MEV pode se observar a estrutura porosa bem desenvolvida do carvão ativado quimicamente o que corrobora com a elevada área superficial determinada pelo método BET. Palavras-chaveCarvão ativado; resíduo; acácia negra; ativação química.Study of activated carbon production from the black wattle shell waste with and without chemical activation AbstractThe purpose of this work is to study the viability of using waste of black wattle shell (RCAN) generated in the tannin extraction process, for activated carbon production. In southern of Brazil about 250 tons/day of shells are generated by the industrial sector and much of this material is intended for composting or disposed in landfills. Aiming to use this waste was carried out pyrolysis and activation experiments with H 3 PO 4 in a controlled atmosphere. The constituents of RCAN were evaluated by elemental analysis and coals characterization was obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the surface area and pore volume by the BET and BJH method, scanning electron microscopy (MEV) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Elemental analysis of RCAN presented a 51.4% carbon and the surface area was approximately 906 m²/g for the activated carbon with H 3 PO 4 , value higher than the surface area of activated carbon (CAC). In the MEV images can be seen well-developed porous structure of chemically activated carbon which is in agreement with the high surface area presented by BET analysis.

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Evolution of carbon structure in chemically activated wood

Cited by 293 publications

References 12 publications

Promotion of Crystal Growth on Biomass-based Carbon using Phosphoric Acid Treatments

Promotion of Crystal Growth on Biomass-based Carbon using Phosphoric Acid Treatments

Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using silica derived from rice straw: comparison with activated charcoal

Estudo da produção de carvão ativado a partir do resíduo de casca da acácia negra com e sem ativação química

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